CVE-2025-9657 in O2OA
Summary
by MITRE • 08/29/2025
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Be aware that VulDB is the high quality source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/17/2025
This vulnerability resides within the O2OA platform version 10.0-410 and specifically targets the Personal Profile Page component through the /x_program_center/jaxrs/script endpoint. The flaw manifests when processing user-supplied arguments including name, alias, and description parameters, creating a cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that threat actors can launch attacks without requiring physical access to the target system, making it particularly dangerous in web-facing environments where user interactions are common. The public availability of exploitation tools significantly increases the risk profile of this vulnerability, as it removes the barrier to entry for potential attackers who may not possess advanced technical skills.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and output sanitization within the file processing logic of the Personal Profile Page component. When users provide arguments containing name, alias, or description fields, the application fails to properly escape or filter these inputs before rendering them in web responses. This allows malicious payloads to be executed in the context of other users' browsers, potentially enabling session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions within the application. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-79 which categorizes cross-site scripting flaws as weaknesses in input validation and output encoding, specifically addressing the failure to sanitize user-supplied data before incorporating it into dynamic web content. The attack surface is further expanded by the fact that this vulnerability affects core user profile functionality, meaning that any user interaction with personal information fields could potentially serve as an attack vector.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it can enable attackers to manipulate user sessions, access sensitive personal information, and potentially escalate privileges within the application. Given that this affects the Personal Profile Page component, attackers could craft malicious payloads that target specific user accounts, making the attack more personalized and potentially more successful. The vulnerability's presence in a core application component means that successful exploitation could compromise multiple user accounts simultaneously, particularly if the application lacks proper access controls or session management. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access patterns, monitor user activities, or even redirect users to malicious sites that appear legitimate within the application context. The public exploit availability transforms this from a theoretical risk into an immediate concern, as threat actors can readily deploy automated tools to scan for vulnerable instances.
The vendor has acknowledged the issue and confirmed that a fix will be included in future versions, indicating that the security team recognizes the severity of the vulnerability. Organizations currently running affected versions should implement immediate mitigations including input validation controls, output encoding mechanisms, and network-level protections to prevent exploitation. The recommended approach involves implementing strict sanitization of all user-supplied inputs, particularly those used in profile-related components, and employing Content Security Policy headers to limit script execution capabilities. Additionally, organizations should consider network segmentation, intrusion detection systems, and regular vulnerability scanning to monitor for exploitation attempts. This vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of input validation in web applications and the necessity of following secure coding practices that align with OWASP Top Ten security requirements, specifically addressing the prevention of cross-site scripting attacks through proper data sanitization and output encoding mechanisms.