CVE-2026-104328 in Langflow OSS
Summary
by MITRE • 10/29/2026
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.12.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/29/2026
The vulnerability identified in IBM Langflow versions 1.0.0 through 1.12.3 represents a critical security flaw rooted in the application's handling of user-supplied input within operating system commands. This issue is classified as Command Injection, specifically falling under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection). The core technical failure lies in the insufficient sanitization or validation of data that is subsequently passed to shell interpreters for execution. When a remote authenticated attacker interacts with the application, they can inject malicious syntax into input fields that are processed by backend services invoking system-level commands. Because the application fails to properly escape or filter special characters such as semicolons, ampersands, pipes, and backticks, these injected elements allow the attacker to break out of the intended command context and append arbitrary instructions for execution on the underlying host operating system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe due to its potential for remote code execution with the privileges granted to the Langflow application process. Since authentication is required to exploit this flaw, it targets users who have already gained access to the interface, which may include developers or administrators managing AI workflows and data pipelines. An attacker leveraging this weakness can execute arbitrary commands on the server hosting Langflow. This could lead to a complete compromise of the system, including unauthorized access to sensitive data stored within the application's environment, modification or deletion of critical files, and potentially using the compromised host as a pivot point for further attacks against other systems in the network infrastructure. The ability to execute code remotely means that once an authenticated session is established, the attacker gains significant control over the server's operational state without needing additional local access vectors.
From a threat intelligence perspective, this vulnerability aligns with MITRE ATT&CK technique T1059: Command and Scripting Interpreter, specifically sub-techniques involving shell commands such as sh or bash (T1059.004). Attackers typically utilize command injection to establish persistence, escalate privileges, or exfiltrate data by chaining multiple OS commands together using the special elements that Langflow fails to neutralize. The presence of this flaw in a tool designed for building and managing large language model applications highlights the risks associated with integrating third-party components into security-sensitive workflows where input validation is paramount.
To mitigate this risk, organizations running IBM Langflow versions 1.0.0 through 1.12.3 should immediately upgrade to version 1.12.4 or later, which contains patches addressing these injection vulnerabilities. In environments where upgrading is not immediately feasible, administrators can implement compensating controls such as strict input validation at the application layer to reject any special characters that are not explicitly required for legitimate functionality. Additionally, deploying Web Application Firewalls with rulesets capable of detecting and blocking command injection patterns may provide a temporary layer of defense against exploitation attempts. It is also recommended to enforce principle of least privilege by ensuring the Langflow service runs under a restricted user account with minimal permissions, thereby limiting the potential damage if an exploit succeeds. Regular security audits and code reviews focusing on OS interaction points are essential for maintaining long-term resilience against such injection-based attacks.