CVE-2026-1774 in Ability
Summary
by MITRE • 02/10/2026
CASL Ability, versions 2.4.0 through 6.7.4, contains a prototype pollution vulnerability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/11/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2026-1774 affects CASL Ability versions 2.4.0 through 6.7.4 and represents a prototype pollution flaw that poses significant security risks to affected systems. This vulnerability resides within the JavaScript-based application framework and specifically targets the object prototype manipulation mechanisms that are fundamental to how JavaScript handles object inheritance and property access. Prototype pollution occurs when an application fails to properly sanitize user input before using it to modify object prototypes, potentially allowing attackers to inject malicious properties into the prototype chain. The affected range spans multiple minor versions, indicating this weakness has persisted across several releases and suggests a systemic design flaw in how the application handles dynamic object property assignment. Such vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous because they can affect the core functionality of applications and potentially lead to more severe exploits including remote code execution or privilege escalation.
The technical flaw manifests when CASL Ability processes user-supplied data that is used to set properties on objects without adequate validation or sanitization of the property names. When an attacker can control the keys used in object property assignment, they may be able to inject properties into the Object.prototype, which then get inherited by all other objects in the application. This allows attackers to manipulate the behavior of core JavaScript functions, potentially leading to unexpected execution paths or data corruption. The vulnerability specifically exploits the way the application handles dynamic property assignment in JavaScript environments, where property names can be passed as strings and directly used to modify object structures. This flaw is categorized under CWE-471, which describes the weakness of "Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data" and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for JavaScript-based command execution. The prototype pollution can be leveraged to bypass security controls, manipulate application logic, or interfere with the normal execution flow of the software.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data corruption or application instability. When exploited, prototype pollution can enable attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution within the application context, potentially allowing them to access sensitive data, modify application behavior, or escalate privileges. The vulnerability affects the integrity of the application's object model and can lead to cascading effects throughout the system where seemingly innocuous operations become dangerous. Applications using CASL Ability may experience unexpected behavior, denial of service conditions, or unauthorized access to protected resources. The widespread nature of this vulnerability across multiple versions suggests that organizations using this framework may be at risk for extended periods without proper patching or mitigation. Security monitoring becomes crucial as the exploitation patterns can be subtle and may not immediately manifest in obvious application errors, making detection more challenging.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2026-1774 should focus on immediate patching of affected versions to the latest releases that contain the necessary fixes. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and sanitization measures to prevent malicious property names from being processed by the application. The implementation of prototype pollution prevention techniques such as using Object.freeze() or Object.preventExtensions() on critical objects can help prevent unauthorized modifications. Additionally, security measures should include monitoring for unusual object property assignments and implementing strict access controls around dynamic object manipulation. Organizations should also consider using security tools that can detect prototype pollution patterns in their codebase and implement runtime protections that can detect and block malicious prototype modifications. Regular security assessments and code reviews should specifically target areas where dynamic property assignment occurs to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced in future development cycles. The remediation approach should align with industry best practices for JavaScript security and follow the principles outlined in the OWASP JavaScript Security Cheat Sheet to ensure comprehensive protection against prototype pollution attacks.