CVE-2026-25113 in swtchenergy
Summary
by MITRE • 02/27/2026
The WebSocket Application Programming Interface lacks restrictions on the number of authentication requests. This absence of rate limiting may allow an attacker to conduct denial-of-service attacks by suppressing or mis-routing legitimate charger telemetry, or conduct brute-force attacks to gain unauthorized access.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/06/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2026-25113 represents a critical security flaw in WebSocket Application Programming Interfaces that directly impacts the integrity and availability of connected systems. This weakness stems from the complete absence of rate limiting mechanisms within the WebSocket authentication framework, creating an exploitable condition that undermines fundamental security controls. The vulnerability specifically affects systems where WebSocket connections serve as the primary communication channel for authentication processes, particularly in IoT environments where chargers and telemetry systems rely on real-time data exchange. Without proper rate limiting, the WebSocket interface becomes susceptible to abuse by malicious actors who can exploit the lack of authentication request throttling to overwhelm system resources.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability manifests through the absence of any controls governing the frequency of authentication attempts within the WebSocket protocol layer. This flaw creates a pathway for attackers to submit unlimited authentication requests in rapid succession, effectively bypassing normal security mechanisms that would typically prevent such behavior. The underlying architectural issue lies in the WebSocket API design failing to incorporate standard rate limiting controls that should be inherent to any secure authentication system. This weakness directly maps to CWE-770, which addresses allocation of resources without limits or with inadequate limits, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1499.004 related to Network Denial of Service. The absence of proper request frequency controls means that legitimate authentication requests can be drowned out by malicious traffic, creating a scenario where system resources become consumed by unauthorized access attempts.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial-of-service conditions to encompass potential unauthorized system access through brute-force attacks. Attackers can systematically attempt multiple authentication combinations against the WebSocket interface, exploiting the lack of account lockout mechanisms or request throttling to eventually gain access to protected systems. This creates a dual threat scenario where legitimate users face service disruption while simultaneously increasing the risk of credential compromise. The vulnerability particularly affects industrial IoT environments where charger telemetry systems must maintain continuous communication, making the system more susceptible to operational disruption. When combined with the ability to suppress or misroute legitimate telemetry data, attackers can create conditions where system operators lose visibility into critical operational metrics while simultaneously attempting to establish unauthorized access points.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2026-25113 must address both the immediate security gap and implement comprehensive protection measures. Organizations should immediately implement rate limiting controls within their WebSocket authentication frameworks, establishing maximum request limits per time period to prevent abuse. The implementation should include adaptive rate limiting that can adjust based on system load and user behavior patterns to minimize impact on legitimate users. Security controls should incorporate account lockout mechanisms after a specified number of failed authentication attempts, combined with temporary account disablement to prevent automated brute-force attacks. Network-level protections such as firewall rules and intrusion detection systems should be configured to monitor and block suspicious WebSocket traffic patterns. Additionally, system administrators should implement logging and monitoring of authentication attempts to detect potential abuse patterns and establish automated alerting mechanisms. The solution architecture should also consider implementing multi-factor authentication for high-value systems and establishing connection limits to prevent resource exhaustion attacks. These controls align with security frameworks such as NIST SP 800-53 and ISO 27001 requirements for access control and resource management, ensuring compliance with industry standards while addressing the specific vulnerability conditions present in the WebSocket interface.