CVE-2026-25533 in enclave
Summary
by MITRE • 02/07/2026
Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.10.1, the existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.1.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/21/2026
CVE-2026-25533 represents a critical security vulnerability in the Enclave secure JavaScript sandbox system that is specifically designed for executing AI agent code in isolated environments. This vulnerability affects versions prior to 2.10.1 and exposes fundamental flaws in the sandbox's security architecture that could allow attackers to escape the isolated execution environment and potentially gain unauthorized access to underlying system resources. The vulnerability is particularly concerning given that Enclave is designed to provide secure execution environments for artificial intelligence agents, where such security breaches could lead to data compromise, system takeover, or unauthorized access to sensitive AI processing capabilities. The issue stems from multiple layers of security that have been compromised, creating cascading weaknesses in the sandbox's protective mechanisms.
The technical flaw manifests through several distinct bypass mechanisms that collectively undermine the sandbox's integrity. The primary vulnerability lies in the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) sanitization process which can be circumvented through dynamic property access patterns that the sanitization logic fails to detect. This weakness is categorized under CWE-470, which addresses the use of insecure functions that can lead to code injection vulnerabilities. Additionally, the error object hardening measures prove inadequate when dealing with the peculiar behavior of the vm module, indicating insufficient coverage of all object types within the JavaScript execution environment. The vulnerability also allows bypassing function constructor access prevention through the exploitation of host object references, which represents a sophisticated attack vector that leverages the sandbox's own architectural components against it. These bypass mechanisms align with ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which involves the use of JavaScript and VBScript for execution, and T1566, which encompasses social engineering attacks that can be used to exploit such sandbox escape vulnerabilities.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe for organizations relying on Enclave for secure AI agent execution, as it fundamentally compromises the isolation guarantees that the sandbox is designed to provide. Attackers could potentially execute arbitrary code within the sandboxed environment, access sensitive data, or escalate privileges to gain broader system access. The vulnerability affects not only the integrity of AI agent execution but also the confidentiality and availability of the underlying system resources. Organizations using vulnerable versions of Enclave may face significant security risks when processing sensitive AI workloads, particularly in environments where data protection and system isolation are paramount. The vulnerability's impact is amplified by its ability to bypass multiple security layers simultaneously, making it more difficult to detect and mitigate compared to single-point vulnerabilities. This type of vulnerability directly violates the principle of least privilege and can lead to complete system compromise if exploited effectively.
The remediation for CVE-2026-25533 requires immediate upgrade to version 2.10.1 which addresses all identified bypass mechanisms through enhanced AST sanitization, improved error object hardening, and strengthened function constructor access controls. Organizations should implement comprehensive testing procedures to verify that the updated version properly enforces all security controls and that no new vulnerabilities have been introduced during the update process. Security teams should also conduct thorough assessments of their AI agent execution environments to identify any potential exploitation attempts that may have occurred prior to the patch deployment. The fix demonstrates the importance of maintaining robust security controls in sandboxed environments and highlights the necessity of comprehensive testing of all object access patterns and execution mechanisms within secure computing frameworks. Organizations should also consider implementing additional monitoring and logging mechanisms to detect potential exploitation attempts of similar vulnerabilities in their secure execution environments. This vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical importance of multi-layered security approaches in sandbox design and the need for continuous security assessment and improvement of isolation mechanisms in modern secure computing frameworks.