CVE-2026-41561 in Museder RestoreOne Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 10/06/2026
Unauthenticated Sensitive Data Exposure in Museder RestoreOne <= 2.7.276 versions.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/06/2026
The vulnerability identified as an unauthenticated sensitive data exposure within Museder RestoreOne versions prior to or equal to 2.7.276 represents a critical failure in access control mechanisms, allowing attackers to retrieve confidential information without valid credentials. This type of flaw typically stems from improper implementation of authentication checks on specific API endpoints or administrative interfaces that are intended for authorized personnel only. In the context of backup and restore solutions like RestoreOne, such exposure is particularly severe because these systems often contain comprehensive snapshots of organizational data, including database dumps, configuration files, user credentials, and potentially personally identifiable information. The absence of required authentication tokens or session validation allows any remote actor with network access to query these endpoints directly, bypassing the intended security perimeter entirely.
From a technical perspective, this vulnerability aligns closely with CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, as defined by the Common Weakness Enumeration standard. The root cause often involves developers assuming that certain administrative paths are sufficiently protected through network segmentation or obscurity rather than implementing robust cryptographic authentication and authorization protocols. When these assumptions fail due to misconfiguration or inherent design flaws in the web server or application framework handling the requests, sensitive data becomes accessible via simple HTTP GET or POST requests. Attackers can exploit this by crafting specific URLs that point to internal backup management interfaces, often found under paths such as /api/backup/status or similar administrative routes depending on the specific version's architecture. The lack of input validation and session verification means that no proof of identity is required before the server processes the request and returns the payload containing sensitive metadata or actual data files.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data leakage, posing significant risks to organizational integrity and compliance posture. Since RestoreOne handles critical backup operations, an attacker gaining access could not only view but potentially manipulate restoration points if write permissions are also improperly exposed alongside read privileges. This creates a pathway for ransomware deployment or data destruction by altering restore configurations before execution. Furthermore, the exposure of internal network topology details often found in configuration files can facilitate further lateral movement within the victim's infrastructure. For organizations subject to regulatory frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI-DSS, this unauthenticated access constitutes a direct violation of data protection requirements, leading to potential legal liabilities and reputational damage. The ability to exfiltrate backup data without detection also undermines disaster recovery capabilities, leaving the organization vulnerable to prolonged downtime in case of actual system failures.
In terms of threat modeling, this vulnerability maps to several techniques within the MITRE ATT&CK framework. It is primarily associated with T1078: Valid Accounts if the attacker uses stolen credentials obtained from previous breaches, but more critically it aligns with T1539: Steal Web Session Cookie or T1213: Data from Information Repositories when exploiting direct access to data stores without authentication. The exploitation phase involves reconnaissance and collection phases where the adversary identifies exposed endpoints through automated scanning tools like Nmap combined with custom scripts using curl or Python requests libraries. Once identified, the attacker can systematically dump available information, prioritizing files that contain database connection strings, API keys, or user password hashes which may be cracked offline to gain deeper access.
Mitigation strategies must focus on immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The primary solution is to upgrade Museder RestoreOne to a version newer than 2.7.276 where the vendor has presumably patched these authentication gaps. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, administrators should implement network-level controls such as firewall rules or reverse proxy configurations that restrict access to administrative interfaces exclusively from trusted IP addresses known for management activities. Additionally, enabling multi-factor authentication on all accessible endpoints adds a layer of defense-in-depth even if the underlying application logic remains flawed temporarily. Security teams should also conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests specifically targeting backup infrastructure components, ensuring that no sensitive data is exposed through misconfigured APIs or debug modes left enabled in production environments. Monitoring logs for unusual access patterns to administrative paths can provide early detection indicators of exploitation attempts before significant damage occurs.