CVE-2026-49164 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE • 07/14/2026
Heap-based buffer overflow in Active Directory Domain Services allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/14/2026
This vulnerability represents a critical heap-based buffer overflow within Active Directory Domain Services that fundamentally compromises the security posture of enterprise networks. The flaw exists in how the directory services component handles memory allocation and data processing, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate heap memory structures through specially crafted network requests. When exploited, this vulnerability enables remote code execution without requiring authentication, making it particularly dangerous for enterprise environments where domain controllers serve as central points of control and trust.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and memory management practices within the Active Directory Domain Services architecture. Attackers can craft malicious LDAP or Kerberos requests that trigger buffer overflow conditions in heap-allocated memory regions, potentially allowing them to overwrite critical memory pointers, function return addresses, or other control data structures. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-121 heap-based buffer overflow classifications and represents a significant escalation from typical network-based attacks due to its ability to bypass authentication requirements.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability affects organizations that rely on Active Directory for identity management and network access control. Domain controllers become prime targets for exploitation as they process authentication requests from multiple network locations and maintain privileged access to critical enterprise resources. The remote code execution capability means attackers can establish persistent access, escalate privileges, or deploy additional malware throughout the compromised network infrastructure. This vulnerability directly impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of domain services, potentially leading to complete network compromise if not addressed promptly.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including applying security patches from Microsoft as soon as they become available, implementing network segmentation to limit access to domain controllers, and monitoring for suspicious authentication patterns or malformed LDAP requests. Network-based intrusion detection systems should be configured to detect potential exploitation attempts targeting Active Directory services. Additionally, implementing principle of least privilege controls and regular security assessments can help reduce the overall attack surface. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches in enterprise environments and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078 for valid accounts and T1566 for credential harvesting through network services.