CVE-2026-54108 in SharePoint Server
Summary
by MITRE • 07/14/2026
External control of file name or path in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/14/2026
This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw in Microsoft Office SharePoint that enables authorized users to manipulate file paths and names through external controls, creating opportunities for network-based spoofing attacks. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied input when handling file operations within the SharePoint environment, allowing malicious actors with appropriate privileges to craft deceptive file paths that can fool both system processes and end-user interfaces. This weakness falls under the broader category of path traversal and file name manipulation vulnerabilities that have been consistently identified as high-risk threats in cybersecurity frameworks.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when SharePoint systems fail to properly sanitize or validate file path inputs received from authenticated users. Attackers can exploit this by manipulating parameters that control file naming conventions, directory structures, or path resolution mechanisms within the platform's file handling processes. When legitimate users interact with these manipulated paths, they may inadvertently access or execute files from unintended locations, enabling attackers to redirect file operations or present misleading file information to unsuspecting users. This flaw particularly affects SharePoint's document management and collaboration features where external controls are used to determine file storage locations or naming conventions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple spoofing scenarios to encompass broader data integrity and user trust concerns within SharePoint environments. Authorized attackers can leverage this weakness to create misleading file representations, potentially leading to social engineering attacks where users are deceived into interacting with malicious files that appear to be legitimate documents. The network-based nature of the attack means that exploitation does not require physical access to systems but can occur through standard network communication channels, making it particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where SharePoint serves as a central collaboration platform. This vulnerability directly impacts the confidentiality and integrity of information stored within SharePoint repositories.
Organizations should implement multiple layers of defense to mitigate this vulnerability, including strict input validation for all file path parameters, enhanced access controls that limit user privileges for file manipulation operations, and regular security assessments of SharePoint configurations. The implementation of proper file path sanitization techniques and the enforcement of least privilege principles can significantly reduce the attack surface available to malicious actors. Additionally, network monitoring solutions should be configured to detect anomalous file path patterns or unusual file access behaviors that might indicate exploitation attempts. Security teams should also consider implementing automated patch management processes to ensure timely deployment of Microsoft security updates that address this and similar vulnerabilities.
This vulnerability aligns with several cybersecurity standards and threat modeling frameworks including CWE-22 Path Traversal and CWE-79 Cross-Site Scripting, as well as mapping to ATT&CK techniques such as T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter and T1566 Phishing. The attack vector represents a significant concern for organizations following security compliance frameworks like ISO 27001 and NIST cybersecurity guidelines, which emphasize the importance of input validation and access control mechanisms in protecting information systems. Regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing should include specific evaluation of file path handling capabilities within SharePoint environments to identify and remediate similar weaknesses that could enable more sophisticated attack scenarios.