CVE-2026-56220 in Capgo
Summary
by MITRE • 07/08/2026
Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the public.manifest INSERT policy that allows read-only org members to insert OTA manifest rows. Attackers with read-only org access can inject malicious manifest entries with arbitrary s3_path values that are served to devices via the unauthenticated /updates endpoint, enabling OTA metadata poisoning and potential malicious asset delivery.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/08/2026
The vulnerability in Capgo versions prior to 12.128.2 represents a critical authorization bypass flaw that undermines the platform's access control mechanisms. This issue specifically affects the public.manifest INSERT policy which governs how manifest entries are added to the system. The flaw allows users with read-only organizational privileges to exploit a weakness in the permission model, effectively elevating their capabilities beyond their intended access level. Such vulnerabilities typically arise from insufficient validation of user permissions during data manipulation operations and can have severe implications for system integrity and security posture.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate authorization checks within the manifest insertion process. When read-only organization members attempt to insert OTA manifest rows through the public.manifest INSERT policy, the system fails to properly verify whether the requesting user possesses sufficient privileges to perform such operations. This authorization gap creates an exploitable condition where malicious actors can inject arbitrary s3_path values into the manifest database without proper authentication or authorization. The vulnerability manifests at the application logic level where permission validation occurs, potentially violating fundamental security principles of least privilege and access control enforcement.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple data manipulation and creates significant risks for device management and security. Attackers who successfully exploit this flaw can poison OTA metadata by inserting malicious manifest entries that reference arbitrary S3 paths. These poisoned manifests are then served to devices through the unauthenticated /updates endpoint, which is designed to provide firmware updates to connected devices without requiring authentication. This creates a pathway for delivering malicious assets directly to target devices, potentially enabling supply chain attacks, device compromise, or unauthorized code execution on deployed hardware. The implications are particularly severe in IoT and embedded systems environments where OTA updates are critical for maintaining device functionality and security.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-285 (Improper Authorization) and represents a classic example of insufficient access control validation during data modification operations. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this weakness maps to T1078 (Valid Accounts) and T1547 (Boot or Logon Autostart Execution) as attackers can leverage compromised read-only accounts to establish persistent malicious update channels. The lack of proper authentication checks for the /updates endpoint further compounds the risk by creating an attack surface that doesn't require additional credentials beyond basic organizational access. Organizations using Capgo systems should immediately implement mitigations including updating to version 12.128.2 or later, implementing stricter access controls, and monitoring for unauthorized manifest insertions.
Security teams should conduct comprehensive assessments of their Capgo implementations to identify any unauthorized manifest entries that may have been injected through this vulnerability. The remediation process requires not only applying the patched version but also reviewing existing manifest data for potential malicious entries and implementing additional security controls around OTA update delivery mechanisms. Organizations should consider implementing network segmentation, monitoring for unusual s3_path patterns in manifest entries, and establishing more robust audit trails for manifest insertion operations. The vulnerability highlights the importance of thorough permission testing and access control validation in complex systems where multiple user roles interact with shared data resources, particularly in environments where device firmware updates are critical for operational continuity and security.