CVE-2026-61806 in LMS
Summary
by MITRE • 10/30/2026
Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) is a learning system that helps users structure their content. Prior to version 2.54.2, unpublished certificate records can be retrieved and viewed by users who should not have access, rather than being limited to the certificate owner and authorized staff. This can expose certificate details belonging to other users. Access to published certificates by their identifier is intentional for third-party verification and is not affected. The issue does not allow modifying data or gaining elevated privileges. This issue is fixed in version 2.54.2.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/30/2026
The Frappe Learning Management System, a platform designed to help users structure educational content, suffered from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability prior to the release of version 2.54.2. This flaw specifically affected unpublished certificate records within the system's database and application logic. In a properly secured environment, access control mechanisms should strictly enforce that only the designated owner of a digital credential or authorized administrative staff can view sensitive details associated with that credential. However, due to insufficient validation checks on the object identifiers used to retrieve these certificates, authenticated users were able to manipulate input parameters to access records belonging to other individuals. This represents a classic case where the application relies on predictable or sequential identifiers without implementing adequate authorization checks to ensure the requesting user has permission for the specific resource being accessed.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-639, which describes issues related to authorization bypass through direct object references. By allowing users to iterate through certificate IDs or guess valid identifiers, an attacker could retrieve personal information and achievement data that was intended to remain private until officially published. This exposure compromises the confidentiality of user records, potentially revealing sensitive details such as course completion dates, grades, or other personally identifiable information embedded within the certificate metadata. It is important to note that this vulnerability did not impact published certificates, which are intentionally accessible by identifier for third-party verification purposes, nor did it allow for data modification or privilege escalation. The scope of the exploit was limited strictly to unauthorized read access of unpublished records.
From an operational perspective, this flaw undermines trust in the integrity and privacy guarantees provided by the learning management system. Educational institutions and corporate training departments rely on these systems to manage sensitive employee or student progress data. Unauthorized exposure of such information can lead to significant reputational damage and potential regulatory compliance issues under frameworks like GDPR or HIPAA if protected health information were inadvertently included in certificate records. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this type of behavior under the Tactic: Collection, specifically within techniques related to Data from Information Repositories, as it involves gathering data that is not intended for public consumption through improper access controls.
To mitigate such vulnerabilities, developers must implement robust object-level authorization checks at every point where a user requests access to a specific resource identified by an ID or key. This includes verifying that the session token of the current request matches the owner field of the requested record before returning any data. Additionally, using non-sequential and unpredictable identifiers for sensitive records can reduce the risk of enumeration attacks, although this should not be relied upon as the sole defense mechanism. Security testing during the development lifecycle, including automated static analysis and dynamic penetration testing focused on access control flaws, is essential to identify these gaps before deployment. For users operating versions prior to 2.54.2, immediate upgrading to the patched version is required to resolve this security deficiency and restore proper data isolation boundaries within the application.