CVE-2026-77977 in NE2-D11
Summary
by MITRE • 08/28/2026
Ebyte gateway product's vendor configuration utility does not require authentication before allowing certain disruptive administrative actions when default credentials remain configured. An unauthenticated attacker on the adjacent network could reboot the device or restore factory settings, resulting in a loss of configuration and service availability.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/28/2026
The Ebyte gateway product presents a critical security vulnerability within its vendor configuration utility due to an absence of authentication mechanisms for specific administrative functions. This flaw allows any user with network access to perform disruptive actions without providing valid credentials or undergoing any form of identity verification. The root cause lies in the improper implementation of access control policies, where sensitive management interfaces remain exposed and unprotected against unauthenticated requests. This represents a fundamental failure in securing privileged operations, leaving the device vulnerable to exploitation by anyone who can reach it over the network layer.
An attacker positioned on an adjacent network segment or within the same local area network can exploit this weakness to execute unauthorized administrative commands. Specifically, the vulnerability permits two primary disruptive actions: rebooting the gateway and restoring factory default settings. Rebooting the device causes immediate service interruption as all active connections are terminated and services must restart. Restoring factory settings is even more severe, as it wipes out any custom configurations, including network parameters, security policies, and application-specific settings. This results in a complete loss of configuration integrity and forces the administrator to manually reconfigure the entire system from scratch.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple downtime or administrative inconvenience. The restoration of factory defaults effectively neutralizes all previously implemented security controls that were configured by the network administrator. If default credentials remain active, which is common in many IoT deployments due to convenience during initial setup, an attacker can also gain full persistent access to the device after resetting it. This creates a cycle where the device becomes unavailable for legitimate users and potentially compromised for malicious actors who may use the gateway as a pivot point into deeper network segments. The loss of service availability directly impacts business continuity and operational reliability, particularly in environments relying on these gateways for critical data transmission or control functions.
From a classification perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-287, which describes Improper Authentication, specifically where the system fails to verify identity before allowing administrative actions. It also relates to CWE-613, Insufficient Session Expiration, if session tokens are not properly managed, though the primary issue is the lack of authentication entirely for certain endpoints. In terms of offensive security frameworks, this behavior maps directly to MITRE ATT&CK technique T1529, System Shutdown or Reboot, and potentially T1498, Network Denial of Service, depending on how frequently the reboot action can be triggered. The scenario also reflects CWE-798, Use of Hard-coded Credentials, if default passwords are left unchanged, which is a common precursor to such exploitation scenarios in embedded systems.
Mitigation strategies must address both immediate remediation and long-term security posture improvements. Administrators should immediately change all default credentials to strong, unique passwords that meet complexity requirements. It is essential to disable or restrict access to the vendor configuration utility if it is not actively required for maintenance, ideally by placing it behind a secure management VLAN with strict firewall rules limiting source IP addresses to trusted administrative hosts only. Firmware updates provided by Ebyte should be applied promptly as they may contain patches that enforce authentication on these endpoints. Additionally, implementing network segmentation ensures that even if an attacker gains access to the adjacent network, they cannot reach the gateway's management interface unless explicitly permitted by security policies. Regular audits of connected devices for default credentials and unnecessary open ports are critical practices to prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited in production environments.