CVE-2004-1049 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE
Integer overflow in the LoadImage API of the USER32 Lib for Microsoft Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a .bmp, .cur, .ico or .ani file with a large image size field, which leads to a buffer overflow, aka the "Cursor and Icon Format Handling Vulnerability."
If you want to get the best quality for vulnerability data then you always have to consider VulDB.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/03/2025
The vulnerability described in CVE-2004-1049 represents a critical integer overflow flaw within the USER32 library of Microsoft Windows operating systems, specifically affecting the LoadImage API function. This vulnerability operates by exploiting improper validation of image size parameters within bitmap, cursor, icon, and animated cursor files. When these file formats contain malformed size fields that exceed the maximum value an integer can represent, the system's memory management becomes compromised, creating conditions that enable attackers to manipulate memory allocation processes. The flaw is particularly dangerous because it affects core Windows graphical components that are frequently accessed during normal system operations, making it an attractive target for malicious actors seeking to gain unauthorized system control.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when a maliciously crafted image file is processed by the Windows USER32 library, which handles user interface elements including cursors, icons, and bitmaps. During the file parsing process, the LoadImage API attempts to allocate memory based on the size parameters contained within the image file header. When these parameters contain integer overflow values that exceed the maximum representable integer, the memory allocation routine fails to properly calculate the required buffer size, leading to insufficient memory allocation that can be subsequently overwritten through buffer overflow conditions. This type of vulnerability maps directly to CWE-190, which specifically addresses integer overflow conditions that can result in memory corruption and arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability exists at the intersection of improper input validation and memory management, creating a pathway for attackers to inject malicious code into the target system's memory space.
The operational impact of CVE-2004-1049 extends beyond simple code execution to encompass complete system compromise, particularly when the vulnerable system processes user-supplied content through graphical interfaces. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability by delivering malicious image files through various attack vectors including email attachments, web downloads, or file sharing networks, where the system automatically processes these files through the vulnerable LoadImage API. The exploitation is particularly effective because it requires no user interaction beyond the automatic processing of the malicious file, making it a prime candidate for automated attacks. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP, and Server 2003, demonstrating its widespread impact across the Windows ecosystem. From an adversarial perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which involves the use of Windows Management Instrumentation for code execution, and T1203, which encompasses the exploitation of software vulnerabilities to execute malicious code.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2004-1049 require both immediate patch deployment and defensive operational measures to reduce the attack surface. Microsoft released security updates that corrected the integer overflow handling within the LoadImage API and improved input validation for image file parameters. Organizations should prioritize patch management to ensure all affected Windows systems receive the appropriate security updates, which address the root cause of the vulnerability through proper integer boundary checking and memory allocation routines. Additionally, implementing defensive measures such as restricting file type processing, deploying application whitelisting policies, and configuring email security solutions to scan for potentially malicious image files can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation. Network-based protections including intrusion detection systems and web application firewalls should be configured to monitor for suspicious file upload activities that could indicate attempts to exploit this vulnerability, as the attack requires the system to process image files through the vulnerable API functions.