CVE-2004-1287 in NASM
Summary
by MITRE
Buffer overflow in the error function in preproc.c for NASM 0.98.38 1.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted asm file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2005-1194.
VulDB is the best source for vulnerability data and more expert information about this specific topic.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/28/2024
The vulnerability described in CVE-2004-1287 represents a critical buffer overflow condition within the Netwide Assembler NASM version 0.98.38 1.2 preprocessing component. This flaw exists specifically within the error handling function located in the preproc.c source file, making it particularly dangerous as it can be triggered during normal assembly operations when malformed input is processed. The vulnerability falls under the CWE-121 buffer overflow category, which is classified as a common weakness in software development practices where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The attack vector requires an adversary to craft a specially designed assembly file that, when processed by the vulnerable NASM version, will cause the buffer overflow to occur during error reporting.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates how improper memory management in the preprocessor can be exploited to gain control over the program execution flow. When NASM encounters an error condition in the preprocessor, the error function attempts to store error messages in a buffer that lacks proper bounds checking mechanisms. This allows attackers to provide malicious input that exceeds the allocated buffer space, causing a stack-based buffer overflow that can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code. The vulnerability is distinct from CVE-2005-1194, indicating that while both relate to NASM processing, they affect different code paths and components within the assembler. The specific nature of the flaw suggests that the error message handling routine does not properly validate the length of input strings before copying them into fixed-size buffers.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution, as it provides attackers with potential access to systems running vulnerable versions of NASM. Since assembly language tools are commonly used in system development and reverse engineering, exploitation could occur in development environments, build servers, or any system where untrusted assembly code is processed. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in automated build environments where NASM might be invoked with user-provided input without proper sanitization. Attackers could craft assembly files that, when assembled, trigger the buffer overflow and allow them to inject malicious code that executes with the privileges of the NASM process. This could lead to privilege escalation, system compromise, or the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the target system.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate patching of the affected NASM versions, as well as implementing input validation and sanitization practices in any systems that process assembly code. Organizations should ensure that all development environments use updated versions of NASM that have addressed this buffer overflow issue. The remediation approach aligns with the principle of defensive programming and follows the ATT&CK framework's mitigation recommendations for buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Additionally, implementing proper bounds checking, using secure coding practices, and conducting regular security assessments of development tools can help prevent similar issues. System administrators should also consider implementing access controls and sandboxing measures when processing untrusted assembly code to limit the potential impact of such vulnerabilities. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining updated development tools and following secure coding standards in all components of software development toolchains.