CVE-2004-2291 in Internet Explorer
Summary
by MITRE
Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer 5.5 and 6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an embedded script that uses Shell Helper objects and a shortcut (link) to execute the target script.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/14/2025
This vulnerability exists in Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer versions 5.5 and 6.0, representing a critical security flaw that enables remote code execution through malicious script embedding. The vulnerability specifically leverages Shell Helper objects in conjunction with shortcut links to facilitate unauthorized code execution on target systems. The flaw operates by exploiting the browser's handling of embedded scripts and shortcut mechanisms, creating a pathway for attackers to execute malicious code remotely without user interaction. This represents a classic example of a privilege escalation vulnerability that can be exploited through web-based attacks.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper validation of Shell Helper objects within the Internet Explorer rendering engine. When a user visits a malicious webpage containing crafted script code, the browser processes the embedded Shell Helper objects and subsequently executes the shortcut links that point to the target script. This process bypasses normal security restrictions and allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the logged-in user. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can be triggered automatically through web browsing activities without requiring any user interaction beyond visiting the malicious site. The flaw is categorized under CWE-94, which represents "Improper Control of Generation of Code" and falls into the broader category of code injection vulnerabilities that enable arbitrary code execution.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution, as it provides attackers with complete system compromise capabilities. Once executed, the malicious code can perform various malicious activities including but not limited to data exfiltration, system file modification, installation of additional malware, and creation of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability affects systems running vulnerable versions of Internet Explorer, making it particularly concerning for organizations with legacy systems or those unable to immediately patch their environments. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access to compromised systems, potentially leading to extended network infiltration and data breaches. The impact is further amplified by the widespread use of Internet Explorer in corporate environments during the affected period.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability include immediate patching of affected systems with Microsoft security updates, which would address the underlying Shell Helper object handling flaws. Organizations should also implement network-level protections such as web application firewalls and content filtering solutions to block malicious script content. Browser hardening measures including disabling automatic execution of scripts from untrusted sources and restricting Shell Helper object usage can significantly reduce exploitation risk. Security configurations should enforce strict zone-based security policies and disable unnecessary ActiveX controls that could facilitate similar attacks. Additionally, user education regarding safe browsing practices and awareness of phishing attempts remains crucial in preventing exploitation of such vulnerabilities. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and implementing layered defense strategies as outlined in the mitre ATT&CK framework under the execution and privilege escalation tactics. The attack pattern aligns with techniques involving malicious script execution and shell command invocation, making it a prime example of how browser-based vulnerabilities can lead to complete system compromise.