CVE-2006-1471 in Mac OS X
Summary
by MITRE
Format string vulnerability in the CF_syslog function launchd in Apple Mac OS X 10.4 up to 10.4.6 allows local users to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers that are not properly handled in a syslog call in the logging facility, as demonstrated by using a crafted plist file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/21/2019
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2006-1471 represents a critical format string flaw within the CF_syslog function of launchd, Apple's core system process manager that operates on Mac OS X versions 10.4 through 10.4.6. This vulnerability stems from improper handling of format string specifiers within the syslog call mechanism, creating a potential code execution vector for local attackers. The flaw specifically manifests when launchd processes a crafted plist file that contains malicious format string specifiers, which are then passed directly to the syslog function without proper sanitization or validation.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability leverages the fundamental weakness in how launchd handles user-supplied input through plist configuration files. When a malicious plist file is processed by launchd, the CF_syslog function receives format specifiers that are not properly escaped or validated before being passed to the underlying syslog system call. This creates a classic format string vulnerability where an attacker can manipulate memory contents, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the launchd process. The vulnerability operates at the system level and does not require network connectivity, making it particularly dangerous as it can be exploited through local file system access.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution, as launchd serves as the foundational process manager for Mac OS X systems. Any successful exploitation could result in complete system compromise, allowing attackers to gain elevated privileges and potentially escalate their access to other system components. The vulnerability affects the entire launchd subsystem, which is responsible for managing system services and processes, making it a prime target for attackers seeking persistent system access. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-134, which specifically addresses format string vulnerabilities where format strings are constructed from user-controlled data.
From an attacker perspective, the exploitation of CVE-2006-1471 follows established patterns within the MITRE ATT&CK framework, particularly mapping to techniques involving privilege escalation and execution through legitimate system processes. The vulnerability demonstrates how flaws in system-level components can provide attackers with direct paths to system compromise, as launchd is a critical system service that runs with elevated privileges. The use of plist files as attack vectors represents a sophisticated approach that leverages the legitimate configuration management capabilities of the operating system against itself. This vulnerability type also relates to ATT&CK technique T1059, which covers command and script injection, as the format string exploitation can lead to arbitrary command execution within the system context.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require immediate patching of affected Mac OS X versions through Apple's security updates, as no reliable workarounds exist for this particular flaw. System administrators should implement strict file access controls and monitoring for plist files, particularly those that are automatically loaded by launchd. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of input validation and proper string handling in system-level code, emphasizing the need for developers to follow secure coding practices that prevent format string vulnerabilities. Organizations should consider implementing process monitoring to detect unusual activity from launchd processes and maintain regular system updates to address similar vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future.