CVE-2011-0204 in Mac OS X
Summary
by MITRE
Heap-based buffer overflow in ImageIO in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF image.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/13/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2011-0204 represents a critical heap-based buffer overflow within Apple Mac OS X's ImageIO framework, specifically affecting versions prior to 10.6.8. This flaw resides in the handling of TIFF image files, making it particularly dangerous as TIFF format is widely used across various applications and systems. The vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-121, heap-based buffer overflow, where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations in the heap allocation region. The ImageIO framework serves as a core component responsible for image format handling and processing, making it a prime target for exploitation due to its widespread usage throughout the operating system and third-party applications.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when the ImageIO framework processes malformed TIFF image data, specifically through improper validation of image metadata and pixel data structures. Attackers can craft specially designed TIFF files that trigger buffer overflow conditions during parsing operations, leading to memory corruption that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected application. The heap-based nature of the overflow means that the attack can manipulate heap metadata and pointers, potentially leading to code execution or system instability. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203, Exploitation for Client Execution, as it enables remote code execution through crafted file formats that are commonly encountered in web browsing and file sharing scenarios.
The operational impact of CVE-2011-0204 extends beyond simple application crashes, presenting significant risks to system integrity and availability. Remote attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute malicious code on targeted systems, potentially leading to complete system compromise or persistent backdoor installation. The vulnerability affects not only user applications that utilize ImageIO but also system-level processes that handle image processing, creating a broad attack surface. The denial of service aspect can be particularly problematic in enterprise environments where image processing is integral to business operations, potentially causing widespread disruption. Organizations using affected versions of Mac OS X face increased risk of targeted attacks, especially in environments where users frequently download or receive image files from untrusted sources.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2011-0204 primarily focus on immediate system updates and application hardening measures. The most effective solution involves upgrading to Mac OS X 10.6.8 or later versions, which contain patches specifically addressing the heap overflow conditions in ImageIO. System administrators should implement comprehensive patch management policies to ensure all affected systems receive updates promptly. Additional protective measures include implementing strict file type validation for image processing applications, deploying sandboxing mechanisms to limit potential damage from exploitation, and establishing network monitoring to detect suspicious file transfers. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls and content filtering solutions to prevent users from accessing potentially malicious TIFF files through web interfaces or email attachments. The vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and regular security assessments, particularly for core system frameworks that handle user-provided data, as outlined in security standards such as those defined by the Open Web Application Security Project and NIST guidelines for secure software development.