CVE-2011-0602 in Acrobat Reader
Summary
by MITRE
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.0.1, 9.x before 9.4.2, and 8.x before 8.2.6 on Windows and Mac OS X allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted JP2K record types in a JPEG2000 image in a PDF file, which causes heap corruption, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-0596, CVE-2011-0598, and CVE-2011-0599.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/18/2025
This vulnerability exists in Adobe Reader and Acrobat software versions prior to specific patches, affecting Windows and Mac OS X platforms. The flaw manifests through improper handling of JP2K (JPEG2000) record types within PDF files, creating a heap corruption condition that enables remote code execution. The vulnerability specifically targets the parsing logic for JPEG2000 image formats embedded within PDF documents, where maliciously crafted JP2K records can trigger memory corruption during the rendering process. This represents a classic heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate memory layout and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the targeted user. The vulnerability is distinct from related CVE-2011-0596, CVE-2011-0598, and CVE-2011-0599, which address different aspects of Adobe's PDF processing engine.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability exploits the way Adobe Reader and Acrobat handle JPEG2000 image data structures during PDF document rendering. When a PDF file containing a specially crafted JPEG2000 image is opened, the application's parser fails to properly validate the JP2K record types, leading to heap corruption through improper memory allocation or manipulation. This heap corruption occurs in the context of memory management functions responsible for handling image data, where the attacker can control the memory layout through crafted input data. The vulnerability falls under CWE-121, heap-based buffer overflow, and specifically relates to CWE-787, out-of-bounds write, as the malicious input causes memory to be written beyond allocated boundaries. The attack vector requires remote delivery through a malicious PDF file, making it particularly dangerous for web-based exploitation scenarios.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution to encompass complete system compromise when successful. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can gain arbitrary code execution capabilities within the context of the Adobe Reader or Acrobat process, potentially leading to full system compromise depending on the user's privileges. The vulnerability affects multiple product versions across different operating systems, making it a widespread concern for organizations using Adobe's PDF viewing software. This vulnerability represents a significant risk in enterprise environments where PDF documents are frequently opened, particularly in email systems, web browsers, and document sharing platforms. The remote nature of the attack means that users can be compromised simply by opening a malicious PDF file, without requiring any additional user interaction beyond the normal document opening process. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059, command and scripting interpreter, and T1068, local privilege escalation, when considering the potential for privilege escalation and code execution.
Organizations should immediately apply the security patches released by Adobe for affected versions of Reader and Acrobat software. The patch addresses the heap corruption issue through improved validation of JP2K record types and enhanced memory management during JPEG2000 image processing. System administrators should implement network-based protections such as PDF file scanning, content filtering, and application whitelisting to prevent exploitation attempts. Additionally, users should be educated about the dangers of opening PDF files from untrusted sources and should be encouraged to keep their Adobe software updated. Security monitoring should include detection of suspicious PDF file characteristics and unusual memory access patterns. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of keeping third-party software updated and maintaining robust security controls around document handling processes. Organizations should also consider implementing sandboxing technologies for PDF processing and restricting user permissions when opening potentially malicious documents. This vulnerability highlights the ongoing challenges in securing complex software applications that process rich media formats and underscores the need for comprehensive vulnerability management programs that address both known and emerging threats in enterprise environments.