CVE-2012-2427 in xArrow
Summary
by MITRE
Heap-based buffer overflow in the server in xArrow before 3.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via packets that trigger an invalid free operation.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/17/2019
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2012-2427 represents a critical heap-based buffer overflow in the xArrow server software prior to version 3.4.1. This flaw exists within the memory management operations of the server component, specifically when processing incoming network packets that trigger invalid free operations. The vulnerability falls under the CWE-122 category of heap-based buffer overflow, which occurs when programs write data beyond the boundaries of allocated heap memory regions. The xArrow server's failure to properly validate packet contents before processing creates an exploitable condition where attacker-controlled data can overwrite adjacent heap memory locations.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability requires remote attackers to craft specially malformed network packets that, when processed by the vulnerable xArrow server, cause the application to perform invalid free operations on heap memory. This type of operation typically occurs when the application attempts to free memory that has already been freed or when memory is freed using an incorrect pointer value. The heap corruption resulting from these invalid free operations can be leveraged to overwrite critical memory structures including function pointers, return addresses, or other control data. Attackers can manipulate these overwritten memory locations to redirect program execution flow and ultimately achieve arbitrary code execution on the affected system.
The operational impact of CVE-2012-2427 extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass complete system compromise and potential lateral movement within network environments. Since the vulnerability affects the server component, successful exploitation can provide attackers with persistent access to the targeted system and potentially enable them to use the compromised server as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the same network segment. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers do not require physical access or local credentials to leverage the flaw, making it particularly dangerous in environments where network services are exposed to untrusted networks.
Security practitioners should prioritize immediate patching of affected xArrow server installations to address this vulnerability. The remediation strategy involves upgrading to version 3.4.1 or later, which contains the necessary memory management fixes to prevent the invalid free operations that lead to heap corruption. Additionally, network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit exposure of vulnerable xArrow servers to untrusted networks. Monitoring for suspicious network traffic patterns and anomalous packet structures can help detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability's characteristics align with tactics described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the execution and privilege escalation phases, particularly emphasizing the use of remote code execution techniques to establish persistent access. Organizations should also implement proper input validation and memory safety practices in their development lifecycle to prevent similar issues in custom applications and third-party software components.