CVE-2012-3395 in Moodle
Summary
by MITRE
SQL injection vulnerability in mod/feedback/complete.php in Moodle 2.0.x before 2.0.10, 2.1.x before 2.1.7, and 2.2.x before 2.2.4 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via crafted form data.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/06/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2012-3395 represents a critical SQL injection flaw within the Moodle learning management system that affects multiple versions including 2.0.x before 2.0.10, 2.1.x before 2.1.7, and 2.2.x before 2.2.4. This vulnerability resides in the mod/feedback/complete.php component which handles feedback completion processes within the platform. The flaw enables authenticated remote attackers to manipulate database queries through specially crafted form data inputs, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive educational data and system compromise.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization within the feedback module's processing logic. When users complete feedback forms, the application fails to properly escape or parameterize user-supplied data before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows attackers who have authenticated access to the system to inject malicious SQL payloads that bypass normal security controls. The vulnerability specifically targets the way the application handles form data submissions during feedback completion, making it particularly dangerous within educational environments where sensitive student and institutional data is processed.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to educational institutions utilizing Moodle platforms. Attackers with legitimate user credentials can escalate their privileges to execute arbitrary database commands, potentially gaining access to student records, grades, personal information, and institutional data. The impact extends beyond simple data theft as attackers could modify or delete critical educational content, disrupt learning processes, and compromise the integrity of academic records. This vulnerability directly violates the principle of least privilege and can lead to complete system compromise if not addressed promptly.
Security professionals should implement multiple layers of defense to mitigate this vulnerability. The primary remediation involves upgrading to patched versions of Moodle where the input validation has been strengthened and proper parameterization of SQL queries has been implemented. Additionally, network segmentation and monitoring of database access patterns can help detect anomalous activities that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-89 which classifies SQL injection as a persistent security weakness, and it maps to ATT&CK technique T1071.004 for application layer protocol manipulation. Organizations should also consider implementing database activity monitoring solutions and regular security assessments to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in other components of their educational technology infrastructure.