CVE-2014-1545 in Portable Runtime
Summary
by MITRE
Mozilla Netscape Portable Runtime (NSPR) before 4.10.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write) via vectors involving the sprintf and console functions.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/22/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2014-1545 affects Mozilla Netscape Portable Runtime NSPR versions prior to 4.10.6, representing a critical security flaw that exposes systems to remote code execution and denial of service attacks. This vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking within the sprintf and console functions, creating conditions where malicious inputs can trigger out-of-bounds memory write operations. The flaw exists within the core runtime library that many Mozilla applications and web browsers depend upon, making it particularly dangerous as it can be exploited across multiple affected platforms and software implementations.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the manipulation of format string parameters within the sprintf function, which fails to properly validate input boundaries before writing data to memory locations. When an attacker supplies crafted input to these functions, the insufficient boundary checks allow memory corruption that can result in arbitrary code execution or system crashes. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-121 category of Stack-based Buffer Overflow, though it manifests as an out-of-bounds write rather than traditional stack corruption. The vulnerability is particularly insidious because it can be triggered through web-based interactions, making it exploitable via web browsers or other applications that utilize NSPR for string formatting operations.
The operational impact of CVE-2014-1545 extends beyond immediate exploitation capabilities to encompass broader system compromise risks. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on affected systems, potentially gaining full control over the machine or application environment. The out-of-bounds write condition can also be used to cause denial of service attacks, rendering applications or systems unavailable to legitimate users. This vulnerability affects not only the primary Mozilla browser applications but also any software that depends on NSPR for runtime functionality, creating a wide attack surface. The exploitability is enhanced by the fact that these functions are commonly used in web applications, making the vulnerability accessible through standard web browsing activities.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2014-1545 primarily focus on immediate patching and version updates to NSPR 4.10.6 or later versions where the vulnerability has been addressed. Organizations should prioritize updating all affected applications and systems that utilize NSPR, particularly web browsers and applications that process user-supplied input through string formatting functions. Additional defensive measures include implementing input validation controls, restricting network access to applications using vulnerable NSPR versions, and monitoring for exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for Command and Scripting Interpreter and T1499.004 for Endpoint Denial of Service, highlighting the dual nature of the threat. Security teams should also consider implementing application whitelisting controls and network segmentation to limit potential attack vectors, as the vulnerability can be exploited through web-based delivery mechanisms and may be combined with other exploits to achieve more sophisticated attacks.