CVE-2014-9752 in ATutor
Summary
by MITRE
Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in mods/_core/properties/lib/course.inc.php in ATutor before 2.2 patch 6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a file with a PHP extension as a customicon for a new course, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in content/.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/27/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2014-9752 represents a critical unrestricted file upload flaw within the ATutor learning management system. This vulnerability exists in the course properties management functionality where the application fails to properly validate file extensions and content when users upload custom course icons. The issue affects ATutor versions prior to 2.2 patch 6, making it a significant concern for organizations that have not updated their systems. The vulnerability specifically targets the mods/_core/properties/lib/course.inc.php file which handles course icon uploads, creating a pathway for attackers to escalate privileges and execute malicious code on the target system.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability requires an authenticated attacker who can access the course creation or modification interface. Attackers can upload a malicious PHP file with a .php extension as a custom course icon, which bypasses the application's intended security controls. Once uploaded, the malicious file becomes accessible through a direct URL request to the content/ directory where uploaded files are stored. This direct access pattern aligns with common web application attack vectors where file upload validation is bypassed, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the web server process. The vulnerability maps directly to CWE-434 which describes insecure file upload handling, and represents a classic path for remote code execution through file upload mechanisms.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted. An authenticated attacker can gain full control over the affected ATutor installation, potentially leading to data breaches, system compromise, and unauthorized access to educational content and user information. The vulnerability enables attackers to establish persistent backdoors, exfiltrate sensitive data, and use the compromised system as a launching point for further attacks within the network. The attack vector is particularly concerning because it requires only authentication access, which can be obtained through various means including credential theft, social engineering, or exploitation of other vulnerabilities. This vulnerability directly aligns with ATT&CK technique T1505.003 for Server Software Component and T1078 for Valid Accounts, as it leverages legitimate user access to escalate privileges and maintain persistence.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2014-9752 must address both the immediate vulnerability and broader security posture. Organizations should immediately apply the available patch for ATutor 2.2 patch 6 which resolves the file upload validation issue. Additionally, administrators should implement strict file type validation, reject executable file extensions, and store uploaded files outside the web root directory. The implementation of Content Security Policy headers and proper file extension checks can prevent similar vulnerabilities. Regular security audits of file upload mechanisms, enforcement of least privilege principles for user accounts, and monitoring of file upload activities should be implemented. Organizations should also consider deploying web application firewalls to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts, and establish incident response procedures for handling potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of proper input validation and secure file handling practices in web applications, particularly those handling user-generated content in educational environments.