CVE-2015-1014 in OFS
Summary
by MITRE
A successful exploit of these vulnerabilities requires the local user to load a crafted DLL file in the system directory on servers running Schneider Electric OFS v3.5 with version v7.40 of SCADA Expert Vijeo Citect/CitectSCADA, OFS v3.5 with version v7.30 of Vijeo Citect/CitectSCADA, and OFS v3.5 with version v7.20 of Vijeo Citect/CitectSCADA.. If the application attempts to open that file, the application could crash or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code. Schneider Electric recommends vulnerable users upgrade the OFS to V3.5 and install the latest service pack (SP 6 or newer) for their associated version.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/07/2023
This vulnerability represents a classic local privilege escalation and code execution flaw within Schneider Electric's Vijeo Citect SCADA software ecosystem. The vulnerability exists in the manner in which the applications handle dynamic link library loading processes, specifically when these applications attempt to load DLL files from system directories. The flaw manifests when a local attacker places a maliciously crafted DLL file in a system directory that the vulnerable applications monitor, creating a dangerous condition where legitimate application processes become vectors for unauthorized code execution. This type of vulnerability is categorized under CWE-427 Uncontrolled Search Path Element, which describes situations where applications search for libraries in directories that can be manipulated by attackers. The attack requires physical access or local user privileges to place the malicious DLL, making it a local exploitation vector rather than a remote attack.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper validation of file paths during DLL loading operations within the SCADA environment. When the affected applications attempt to open or execute the malicious DLL, they inadvertently execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the running process, which typically operates with elevated permissions in SCADA environments. This creates a significant risk as SCADA systems often run with administrative privileges to ensure proper system operation and device communication. The vulnerability affects specific versions of the Vijeo Citect/CitectSCADA software, particularly those running OFS v3.5 with SCADA Expert versions v7.20, v7.30, and v7.40, indicating a software-specific flaw rather than a broader architectural issue. The potential impact ranges from application crashes to complete system compromise, depending on the privileges of the executing process and the attacker's objectives.
From an operational standpoint, this vulnerability poses serious risks to industrial control systems that rely on Schneider Electric's SCADA solutions. The affected systems typically operate in critical infrastructure environments where availability and integrity are paramount, making any compromise potentially catastrophic. The attack vector requires local access, which means that while the vulnerability is less likely to be exploited remotely, it remains a significant concern in environments where physical security is inadequate or where insider threats exist. The exploitation process is relatively straightforward for attackers with local access, as they only need to place a malicious DLL in an appropriate system directory, a task that can be accomplished through various means including physical access, social engineering, or through other compromised system components. The risk is particularly elevated in SCADA environments where system administrators may not always maintain strict file system access controls, and where the complexity of industrial systems can obscure security monitoring efforts.
The recommended mitigation strategy involves immediate software upgrades to OFS v3.5 with Service Pack 6 or newer versions, which address the underlying DLL loading vulnerability through proper path validation and privilege management. Organizations should also implement robust file system monitoring and access controls to prevent unauthorized DLL placement, particularly in system directories where applications load libraries. The remediation process should include thorough vulnerability assessments of all affected systems, along with comprehensive testing of the updated software to ensure that the patch does not introduce compatibility issues with existing industrial processes. Additionally, implementing defense-in-depth strategies such as application whitelisting, regular security audits, and enhanced physical security measures can provide additional protection against similar vulnerabilities. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter and T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, demonstrating how local exploitation techniques can be leveraged to achieve broader system compromise in industrial environments.