CVE-2016-10566 in install-nw
Summary
by MITRE
install-nw is a module which quickly and robustly installs and caches NW.js. install-nw versions below 1.1.5 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controlled binary if the attacker is on the network or positioned in between the user and the remote server.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/09/2020
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-10566 affects the install-nw module, a tool designed for the rapid and reliable installation and caching of NW.js applications. This module serves as a critical component in the software development lifecycle for applications built with NW.js, which combines Node.js and Chromium to enable desktop application development using web technologies. The flaw resides in the module's handling of binary resource downloads, specifically its reliance on unencrypted HTTP protocols for retrieving binary files from remote servers. This design choice creates a fundamental security weakness that exposes users to significant risks during the installation process. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-319, which addresses the exposure of sensitive information through improper use of network protocols, and represents a classic man-in-the-middle attack vector that has been documented in numerous security frameworks.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the module's failure to implement secure transport mechanisms when downloading binary resources. Versions prior to 1.1.5 consistently utilize HTTP connections instead of HTTPS, which means that all data transmitted between the client and remote servers travels in plaintext. This unencrypted communication channel allows attackers positioned on the same network segment or those capable of performing network position attacks to intercept and modify the downloaded binary files. The attack scenario involves an attacker who can either be directly on the network or positioned between the victim and the remote server, enabling them to replace legitimate binary files with malicious counterparts. This modification process can be executed transparently to the user, as the module does not implement any form of cryptographic verification or integrity checking for the downloaded resources. The lack of secure transport mechanisms creates a window of opportunity where an attacker can substitute the intended binary with a compromised version, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution on the target system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data interception, as it can potentially lead to remote code execution on systems where the vulnerable module is used. When an attacker successfully substitutes a legitimate NW.js binary with a malicious one, they can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running the installation process. This represents a significant threat to development environments and automated deployment systems where the install-nw module is utilized. The vulnerability affects not only individual developers but also organizations that rely on automated build and deployment processes that incorporate this module. The risk is particularly elevated in environments where network traffic is not properly secured or monitored, as the attack can occur without detection. This vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure software supply chain practices and the potential for seemingly benign installation tools to become attack vectors for more sophisticated compromises. The impact aligns with ATT&CK technique T1195 which covers the use of unsecured network protocols and T1059 which addresses execution through command and scripting interfaces.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability primarily involve upgrading to install-nw version 1.1.5 or later, which implements secure HTTPS connections for binary downloads. Organizations should also implement network security measures including the use of network monitoring tools to detect unusual traffic patterns and ensure that all software distribution channels utilize encrypted transport protocols. Additional protective measures include implementing network segmentation to limit the scope of potential attacks, using intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious network activity, and establishing secure software supply chain practices that verify the integrity of all downloaded components. Security teams should also consider implementing code signing verification mechanisms where possible, and organizations should conduct regular security assessments of their development toolchains to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. The fix addresses the root cause by ensuring that all binary resources are downloaded over encrypted channels, thereby eliminating the man-in-the-middle attack vector that previously enabled the vulnerability. This represents a fundamental improvement in security posture that aligns with industry best practices for secure software development and distribution.