CVE-2016-3075 in C Library
Summary
by MITRE
Stack-based buffer overflow in the nss_dns implementation of the getnetbyname function in GNU C Library (aka glibc) before 2.24 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption and application crash) via a long name.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/22/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-3075 represents a critical stack-based buffer overflow within the nss_dns implementation of the GNU C Library, specifically affecting the getnetbyname function. This flaw exists in glibc versions prior to 2.24 and demonstrates how seemingly benign network name resolution operations can be exploited to compromise system stability. The vulnerability arises from inadequate input validation when processing network names, creating a scenario where maliciously crafted input can overflow stack buffers and potentially lead to application crashes or denial of service conditions.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking within the getnetbyname function implementation, which is part of the Name Service Switch (NSS) framework used by glibc for resolving network names. When the function processes a network name that exceeds predetermined buffer limits, the stack-based buffer overflow occurs, consuming stack memory and potentially corrupting adjacent stack frames. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-121, which specifically addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a classic example of insufficient input validation in system-level libraries that handle network operations.
The operational impact of CVE-2016-3075 extends beyond simple denial of service, as it affects the fundamental network resolution capabilities of systems relying on glibc. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by providing excessively long network names to applications that utilize the getnetbyname function, leading to unpredictable application behavior including crashes, stack corruption, and system instability. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates in a context-dependent manner, meaning the attack effectiveness varies based on system configuration and the specific applications utilizing the affected function. This characteristic aligns with ATT&CK technique T1499.004, which covers network denial of service attacks that target system resources.
Systems running affected versions of glibc are vulnerable to this attack vector through any application that performs network name resolution using the getnetbyname function or related NSS mechanisms. The attack surface includes web servers, database systems, and any network services that depend on standard DNS resolution. Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate patching of glibc to version 2.24 or later, which incorporates proper bounds checking and buffer overflow protections. Organizations should also implement network monitoring to detect unusual DNS resolution patterns and consider application-level input validation as additional defensive measures. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date system libraries and highlights how low-level system components can serve as attack vectors for broader system compromise.