CVE-2016-5031 in libdwarf
Summary
by MITRE
The print_frame_inst_bytes function in libdwarf before 20160923 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a crafted file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/15/2020
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2016-5031 resides within the libdwarf library version prior to 20160923, specifically within the print_frame_inst_bytes function. This flaw represents a critical security issue that enables remote attackers to execute denial of service attacks through carefully crafted input files. The libdwarf library serves as a crucial component for processing debug information in binary files, particularly those generated by compilers that utilize the dwarf debugging format. When a maliciously constructed file is processed by this vulnerable function, it triggers an out-of-bounds read condition that can lead to system instability and service disruption.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within the print_frame_inst_bytes function. This function is responsible for interpreting and displaying frame instruction bytes from debug information sections within binary files. The flaw occurs when the function processes malformed data without proper bounds checking, allowing an attacker to craft input that causes the program to access memory locations beyond the intended buffer boundaries. This out-of-bounds read condition can result in unpredictable behavior including program crashes, memory corruption, or potentially more severe consequences depending on the execution environment. The vulnerability specifically affects systems that utilize libdwarf for processing debug information, making it particularly relevant in development environments, debugging tools, and security analysis platforms that rely on this library.
The operational impact of CVE-2016-5031 extends beyond simple service disruption, as it can be leveraged in various attack scenarios within software supply chain security contexts. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading malicious files to systems that process debug information, potentially causing denial of service in development environments, continuous integration systems, or security analysis platforms. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in automated build and analysis systems where files are automatically processed without proper validation. From a cybersecurity perspective, this issue aligns with CWE-129, which addresses improper validation of array indices, and represents a classic example of how insufficient input validation can lead to memory safety issues. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this as a privilege escalation technique through software exploitation, as it can be used to compromise system availability and potentially gain further access to vulnerable systems.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2016-5031 primarily focus on updating to the patched version of libdwarf released on or after September 23, 2016, which contains the necessary bounds checking and input validation fixes. Organizations should prioritize updating their libdwarf installations across all systems that process debug information or utilize debugging tools that depend on this library. Additionally, implementing input sanitization measures and validating all debug information files before processing can provide defense-in-depth protection. Security teams should also consider monitoring for exploitation attempts through network intrusion detection systems and implementing proper access controls to limit exposure of vulnerable systems. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining up-to-date security libraries and the critical role that proper input validation plays in preventing memory safety issues. Regular vulnerability assessments and dependency updates should be part of standard security practices to prevent exploitation of similar issues in other libraries and applications.