CVE-2017-12138 in Xoops
Summary
by MITRE
XOOPS Core 2.5.8 has a stored URL redirect bypass vulnerability in /modules/profile/index.php because of the URL filter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/14/2022
The vulnerability CVE-2017-12138 represents a critical stored URL redirect bypass flaw within the XOOPS Content Management System version 2.5.8, specifically affecting the profile module's index.php file. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and filtering mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied URLs, creating a pathway for malicious actors to exploit the system's redirect functionality. The issue manifests when the application processes user-provided URLs without adequate verification, allowing attackers to manipulate the redirection behavior and potentially direct users to malicious websites.
The technical flaw resides in the URL filter implementation within the profile module's index.php script, where the system does not adequately validate or sanitize external URLs that users might input or modify within their profiles. This weakness enables attackers to inject malicious URLs that bypass the intended security controls, effectively circumventing the application's built-in redirect protection mechanisms. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and can be classified under CWE-601 as URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect'), which is a well-documented security weakness that allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web locations.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple redirection attacks, as it can be leveraged to facilitate more sophisticated social engineering campaigns and phishing attempts. When exploited, the vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to malicious domains that can harvest credentials, install malware, or deliver additional payloads. This poses significant risks to both end users and system administrators, as unsuspecting users might be tricked into visiting compromised websites while believing they are accessing legitimate profile pages. The vulnerability particularly affects user trust and can lead to reputation damage for the organization running the XOOPS installation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2017-12138 should focus on implementing robust input validation and sanitization measures within the profile module. Security patches should include strengthening the URL filter to validate that all external URLs conform to expected patterns and originate from trusted sources. Organizations should also implement proper access controls and user input sanitization techniques that prevent malicious URL injection. Additionally, the system should enforce strict validation of redirect parameters and implement a whitelist approach for allowed domains. According to ATT&CK framework category T1566, this vulnerability aligns with the technique of Phishing, where attackers leverage open redirect vulnerabilities to craft deceptive links that appear legitimate to users. Regular security updates and patch management processes are essential to prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities, as the issue was resolved in subsequent versions of the XOOPS core system through improved URL validation mechanisms and enhanced input filtering controls.