CVE-2017-15378 in E-Sic
Summary
by MITRE
SQL Injection exists in the E-Sic 1.0 password reset parameter (aka the cpfcnpj parameter to the /reset URI).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/30/2019
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2017-15378 represents a critical SQL injection flaw within the E-Sic 1.0 web application, specifically targeting the password reset functionality. This vulnerability resides in the cpfcnpj parameter of the /reset URI endpoint, which processes user authentication requests for account recovery. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate the database queries through malicious input, potentially compromising the entire authentication system and underlying data repository. The affected application appears to be a public access system designed for citizen interaction with government services, making it a particularly concerning target for cybercriminals seeking unauthorized access to sensitive citizen information.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability follows standard SQL injection attack patterns where the cpfcnpj parameter fails to properly sanitize user input before incorporating it into database queries. When an attacker submits malicious SQL payload through this parameter, the application's inadequate input validation allows the injected code to execute within the database context. This occurs because the application directly concatenates user-supplied data into SQL statements without proper parameterization or input filtering mechanisms. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-89 which classifies improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands as a fundamental weakness in application security. Attackers can leverage this flaw to extract confidential data, modify database records, or potentially gain administrative privileges within the application's database layer.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data theft, as it fundamentally compromises the integrity and confidentiality of the citizen service platform. Given that E-Sic 1.0 likely handles sensitive personal information including CPF (Brazilian tax identification numbers) and CNPJ (Brazilian corporate identification numbers), successful exploitation could result in massive data breaches affecting thousands of citizens. The vulnerability creates multiple attack vectors for threat actors to perform data exfiltration, account takeovers, and potentially disrupt the entire public service availability. From an attacker perspective, this flaw aligns with ATT&CK technique T1213 which involves data from information repositories, and T1078 which covers valid accounts, as the compromised system could be used to establish persistent access and maintain control over the service infrastructure.
Security mitigations for this vulnerability should focus on implementing robust input validation and parameterized query execution throughout the application's codebase. The most effective immediate fix involves replacing direct string concatenation with prepared statements or parameterized queries that separate SQL command structure from user data. Additionally, comprehensive input sanitization should be implemented to filter out malicious characters and patterns commonly associated with SQL injection attacks. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls to detect and block suspicious query patterns targeting the affected URI endpoint. Regular security testing including automated vulnerability scanning and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar flaws in other application components. The remediation process must also include proper error handling that does not expose database structure information to end users, as outlined in CWE-209 which addresses generation of error messages containing sensitive information. Furthermore, access controls and monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual patterns of authentication attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts against the password reset functionality.