CVE-2018-13360 in TerraMaster TOS
Summary
by MITRE
Cross-site scripting in Text Editor in TerraMaster TOS version 3.1.03 allows attackers to execute JavaScript via the "filename" URL parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/09/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2018-13360 represents a critical cross-site scripting flaw within the TerraMaster TOS 3.1.03 text editor component. This issue arises from inadequate input validation and output encoding mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied data before rendering it within the web interface. The vulnerability specifically manifests when the application processes the "filename" URL parameter, which is commonly used to specify file names or paths within the text editing functionality. Attackers can exploit this weakness by crafting malicious URL requests containing JavaScript code within the filename parameter, which then gets executed in the context of other users' browsers who access the compromised interface.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-79, which categorizes cross-site scripting as a result of insufficient input validation and output encoding. This particular flaw operates under the context of a web application vulnerability where user-controllable input flows directly into the application's output without proper sanitization. The TerraMaster TOS 3.1.03 text editor fails to implement proper content security policies or input validation routines that would prevent malicious script execution. When the application processes the filename parameter, it does not adequately escape or filter special characters that could be interpreted as HTML or JavaScript code, creating an environment where attacker-controlled payloads can be injected and subsequently executed.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it can enable attackers to perform a range of malicious activities including session hijacking, data theft, and privilege escalation within the affected environment. An attacker could craft a malicious filename parameter that, when processed by the text editor, would redirect users to phishing sites, steal session cookies, or inject additional malicious code that persists within the application. The vulnerability's exploitation is particularly concerning because it requires minimal user interaction beyond accessing a compromised URL, making it susceptible to automated exploitation through social engineering campaigns or by embedding malicious links within other compromised systems. The text editor functionality typically provides access to administrative or user-specific content, which means successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or system controls.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2018-13360 should focus on implementing comprehensive input validation and output encoding mechanisms across all user-controllable parameters. Organizations should immediately apply the vendor-provided patches or updates that address this specific vulnerability, as TerraMaster likely released security updates to resolve the input sanitization issues within the text editor component. The implementation of proper content security policies, including strict output encoding for all dynamic content, would prevent the execution of malicious scripts. Additionally, the application should enforce proper parameter validation that rejects or sanitizes potentially dangerous characters within the filename parameter before processing. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of following secure coding practices and implementing defense-in-depth strategies that include input validation, output encoding, and regular security assessments to prevent similar cross-site scripting vulnerabilities from occurring in other components of the application stack. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under the T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution technique, highlighting its potential for client-side exploitation and the need for comprehensive browser security measures.