CVE-2018-19066 in Foscam
Summary
by MITRE
An issue was discovered on Foscam C2 devices with System Firmware 1.11.1.8 and Application Firmware 2.72.1.32, and Opticam i5 devices with System Firmware 1.5.2.11 and Application Firmware 2.21.1.128. The exported device configuration is encrypted with the hardcoded Pxift* password in some cases.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/10/2020
This vulnerability affects Foscam C2 and Opticam i5 security cameras where the device configuration files are exported using a hardcoded password known as Pxift*. The flaw resides in the firmware implementation where encryption keys are embedded within the software rather than being dynamically generated or user-defined. This represents a critical weakness in the device's security architecture as it violates fundamental principles of cryptographic key management and secure configuration practices. The hardcoded nature of this password means that any individual who knows or discovers this specific credential can decrypt sensitive device configuration data, potentially exposing network settings, user credentials, and other operational parameters.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from poor secure coding practices and inadequate cryptographic implementation within the device firmware. The use of a hardcoded password for encryption purposes directly relates to CWE-327, which addresses the use of weak cryptographic algorithms and improper key management. This weakness allows for predictable and easily accessible decryption of sensitive configuration data, making the devices particularly vulnerable to unauthorized access and exploitation. The vulnerability exists across multiple firmware versions, indicating a systemic issue within the device development lifecycle rather than an isolated incident.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple configuration exposure. An attacker who gains access to the exported configuration files can potentially reconstruct network topology information, identify connected devices, and extract authentication credentials that may be used for further attacks. This creates opportunities for lateral movement within networks and can facilitate more sophisticated exploitation techniques. The vulnerability also impacts the device's overall security posture by providing attackers with a straightforward method to bypass encryption mechanisms that are meant to protect sensitive operational data. From an attacker's perspective, this represents a low-effort, high-reward vector that aligns with techniques described in the ATT&CK framework under credential access and defense evasion tactics.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate firmware updates from the vendor, which would address the hardcoded password issue through proper cryptographic implementation. Network administrators should also implement additional monitoring for unauthorized configuration exports and consider network segmentation to limit the impact of potential compromise. The vulnerability highlights the importance of following secure development practices and adhering to industry standards such as those outlined in NIST SP 800-57 for cryptographic key management and the OWASP Top 10 for secure coding practices. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments to identify similar hardcoded credentials or weak cryptographic implementations across their device inventory.