CVE-2019-0583 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE
A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Jet Database Engine improperly handles objects in memory, aka "Jet Database Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0538, CVE-2019-0575, CVE-2019-0576, CVE-2019-0577, CVE-2019-0578, CVE-2019-0579, CVE-2019-0580, CVE-2019-0581, CVE-2019-0582, CVE-2019-0584.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/14/2024
The vulnerability described in CVE-2019-0583 represents a critical remote code execution flaw within the Windows Jet Database Engine, which serves as the foundational database engine for numerous Microsoft applications including Access, Outlook, and various legacy systems. This vulnerability stems from improper handling of objects in memory during database processing operations, creating a pathway for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. The Jet Database Engine is extensively utilized across Microsoft's ecosystem, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it can impact a wide range of applications and services that rely on database functionality for their operations.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes heap-based buffer overflow conditions, and can be categorized under the broader ATT&CK technique T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution. The flaw occurs when the engine processes specially crafted database files that contain malformed memory objects, leading to memory corruption that can be exploited to gain control over the target system. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability by delivering malicious database files through various attack vectors including email attachments, web downloads, or compromised websites, making it particularly effective for drive-by attacks and targeted campaigns.
The operational impact of CVE-2019-0583 extends across multiple Windows operating system versions, including legacy systems like Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, as well as newer releases such as Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019. This widespread applicability means that organizations with diverse IT environments face significant risk, as the vulnerability can be exploited across different deployment scenarios including enterprise networks, cloud environments, and endpoint devices. The vulnerability's remote execution capability eliminates the need for local system access, making it particularly attractive to threat actors seeking to compromise systems at scale.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigation strategies including applying the relevant Microsoft security updates, which address the memory handling issues within the Jet Database Engine. Network segmentation and application whitelisting can provide additional protective layers, while monitoring for suspicious database file access patterns can help detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and implementing defense-in-depth strategies, as the attack surface for database engine vulnerabilities often extends beyond the immediate application scope into broader system compromise capabilities. Security teams should also consider implementing endpoint detection and response solutions that can identify anomalous memory access patterns and potential exploitation attempts targeting the Jet Database Engine components.