CVE-2020-25969 in gnuplot
Summary
by MITRE • 07/05/2023
gnuplot v5.5 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the function plotrequest().
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/14/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2020-25969 represents a critical buffer overflow condition within gnuplot version 5.5, specifically within the plotrequest() function. This issue arises from inadequate input validation and memory management practices that allow maliciously crafted data to exceed the bounds of allocated memory buffers. The buffer overflow occurs when the software processes user-supplied input through the plotrequest() function, which is responsible for handling plot requests and command processing within the gnuplot environment. Such vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous because they can be exploited to execute arbitrary code or cause application crashes, potentially leading to system compromise.
The technical flaw manifests when the plotrequest() function fails to properly validate the length of input data before copying it into fixed-size buffers. This classic buffer overflow vulnerability falls under the CWE-121 category of Stack-based Buffer Overflow, where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The vulnerability is particularly concerning in the context of gnuplot since it is commonly used for data visualization and scientific plotting, making it a potential attack vector in environments where users might process untrusted data files or receive malformed plot commands from external sources. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability by crafting malicious input files or commands that trigger the buffer overflow condition when processed by the vulnerable gnuplot version.
The operational impact of CVE-2020-25969 extends beyond simple application instability, as it presents a significant security risk in environments where gnuplot is used for processing external data or in automated systems. When exploited successfully, the buffer overflow could enable remote code execution, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems running vulnerable versions of gnuplot. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where gnuplot might be used in data analysis pipelines, scientific computing environments, or automated reporting systems. The potential for privilege escalation exists if the vulnerable gnuplot process runs with elevated permissions, and the impact could be amplified in scenarios where users might unknowingly execute malicious plot files or commands. The vulnerability also affects the integrity of data processing workflows, as it could lead to corrupted data or system instability during plot generation operations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2020-25969 should prioritize immediate patching of affected systems with the latest gnuplot releases that contain fixes for the buffer overflow vulnerability. Organizations should implement input validation measures to restrict the size and format of plot requests and data files processed by gnuplot applications. Security controls should include restricting gnuplot execution permissions and ensuring that it runs with minimal required privileges. Network segmentation and access controls can help limit the potential attack surface by preventing unauthorized users from submitting malicious plot requests. Additionally, implementing runtime monitoring and anomaly detection systems can help identify potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of regular security assessments and vulnerability management processes, as outlined in industry standards such as NIST SP 800-37 for risk management and ISO 27001 for information security management. Organizations should also consider implementing application whitelisting policies to restrict execution of gnuplot only in trusted environments where input sources are known and controlled, thereby reducing the attack surface and mitigating potential exploitation scenarios.