CVE-2021-2252 in Loans
Summary
by MITRE • 04/23/2021
Vulnerability in the Oracle Loans product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Loan Details, Loan Accounting Events). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.1-12.1.3. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Loans. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Loans accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Loans accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/25/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2021-2252 represents a critical security flaw within Oracle E-Business Suite's Oracle Loans component, specifically affecting versions 12.1.1 through 12.1.3. This vulnerability resides in the Loan Details and Loan Accounting Events modules, which are fundamental components of the financial lending management system. The flaw manifests as an insufficient authorization mechanism that permits low-privileged attackers to execute unauthorized operations against sensitive loan data. The vulnerability's classification as easily exploitable indicates that attackers require minimal prerequisites to leverage this weakness, typically limited to network connectivity via HTTP protocols. This accessibility through standard web protocols significantly broadens the attack surface and increases the likelihood of successful exploitation.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and access control mechanisms within the Oracle Loans application layer. Attackers can manipulate HTTP requests to bypass authentication checks and gain unauthorized access to critical loan information. The flaw allows for three primary categories of unauthorized operations: creation, deletion, and modification of loan data, which directly impacts the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive financial information. The CVSS 3.1 score of 8.1 reflects the severity of the impact, with high confidentiality and integrity implications, indicating that successful exploitation could result in complete data compromise. The vulnerability's vector analysis reveals that attackers need only network access with low privileges and no user interaction, making it particularly dangerous in environments where network exposure is common.
The operational impact of CVE-2021-2252 extends beyond simple data theft, as it enables attackers to fundamentally alter loan records and financial accounting data. This capability can lead to significant financial losses, regulatory compliance violations, and reputational damage for organizations using affected Oracle E-Business Suite versions. The vulnerability's potential for unauthorized modification of loan accounting events particularly threatens the integrity of financial reporting and audit trails. Organizations may face severe consequences including fraudulent loan approvals, incorrect accounting entries, and complete data corruption within their loan management systems. The vulnerability's scope encompasses all data accessible through the Oracle Loans component, making it a comprehensive threat to financial data integrity and confidentiality. This weakness directly violates principles of information security and can result in cascading effects throughout the organization's financial operations and compliance frameworks.
Organizations affected by CVE-2021-2252 should immediately implement mitigations including applying Oracle's official security patches and updates, implementing network segmentation to limit access to Oracle E-Business Suite components, and enhancing monitoring of HTTP traffic for suspicious activity. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) and can be mapped to ATT&CK techniques involving privilege escalation and data manipulation. Security teams should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments, review access controls and authentication mechanisms, and implement additional layers of protection such as web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be performed to identify similar authorization flaws within the Oracle E-Business Suite environment. The vulnerability underscores the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and implementing robust access control policies in enterprise financial systems, particularly those handling sensitive loan and accounting data.