CVE-2022-25075 in A3000RU
Summary
by MITRE • 02/24/2022
TOTOLink A3000RU V5.9c.2280_B20180512 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the "Main" function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the QUERY_STRING parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/26/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-25075 affects the TOTOLink A3000RU router firmware version V5.9c.2280_B20180512 and represents a critical command injection flaw within the device's web interface. This vulnerability exists in the "Main" function of the router's web server implementation, creating a pathway for remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands on the affected device. The flaw specifically manifests through improper input validation of the QUERY_STRING parameter, which is commonly used in web applications to pass data from client to server through URL parameters. When an attacker crafts a malicious URL containing specially formatted command injection payloads within the QUERY_STRING, the router's web server fails to properly sanitize this input before processing it, leading to unauthorized command execution.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-94, which classify it as a command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the target system. The vulnerability operates at the application layer of the network stack, specifically within the web application framework of the router's user interface. Attackers can exploit this flaw by constructing malicious HTTP requests that include command injection payloads in the QUERY_STRING parameter, potentially enabling them to gain full administrative control over the device. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it allows attackers to execute system-level commands with the privileges of the web server process, which typically runs with elevated permissions on the router.
The operational impact of CVE-2022-25075 extends beyond simple command execution, as it provides attackers with comprehensive control over the affected router's functionality. Successful exploitation can enable attackers to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, install malicious software, or even create backdoors for persistent access. The vulnerability affects the device's core network security functions, potentially allowing attackers to bypass firewall rules, disable security features, or use the compromised device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the local network. This command injection vulnerability can also facilitate lateral movement attacks, where compromised routers serve as launching points for broader network infiltration. The affected firmware version represents a significant risk to network security as it allows remote attackers to compromise devices without requiring physical access or authentication credentials.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2022-25075 should focus on immediate firmware updates from the vendor, as this represents a known vulnerability with available patches. Network administrators should implement strict network segmentation and monitoring to detect suspicious traffic patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability can be addressed through proper input validation and sanitization of all user-supplied data, implementing the principle of least privilege for web server processes, and deploying web application firewalls to filter malicious requests. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059.001 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell) and T1021.001 (Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol) as attackers may leverage the compromised device for further network reconnaissance and lateral movement. Organizations should also consider implementing network access control lists, disabling unnecessary services, and regularly auditing router configurations to prevent exploitation of similar vulnerabilities. The vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices and regular security assessments of embedded network devices, particularly those with web interfaces that handle user input without proper sanitization.