CVE-2022-25077 in A3100R
Summary
by MITRE • 02/24/2022
TOTOLink A3100R V4.1.2cu.5050_B20200504 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the "Main" function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the QUERY_STRING parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/26/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-25077 affects the TOTOLink A3100R router model running firmware version V4.1.2cu.5050_B20200504 and represents a critical command injection flaw within the device's web interface. This vulnerability exists in the "Main" function of the router's web server implementation, specifically in how it processes incoming HTTP requests through the QUERY_STRING parameter. The affected device operates as a consumer-grade wireless router that typically serves as a gateway for home and small office networks, making it a potentially attractive target for attackers seeking to compromise network infrastructure.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker crafts a malicious HTTP request containing specially formatted command injection payloads within the QUERY_STRING parameter. The router's web server fails to properly sanitize or validate user input before processing it, allowing malicious commands to be executed with the privileges of the web server process. This command injection vulnerability falls under CWE-77 which specifically addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in commands, and more broadly aligns with CWE-94 which covers execution of arbitrary code or commands. The vulnerability enables attackers to execute arbitrary system commands on the affected device, potentially leading to complete compromise of the router's functionality and the underlying network it protects.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant security risks to affected networks as it allows attackers to execute commands with elevated privileges on the router. The implications extend beyond simple command execution since routers serve as critical network infrastructure components that often control firewall rules, NAT configurations, and network access policies. Attackers could potentially modify network settings, redirect traffic, install malicious firmware, or establish persistent backdoors for further network infiltration. The vulnerability's impact is particularly concerning given that many users do not regularly update their router firmware, leaving these devices exposed to exploitation for extended periods. This type of vulnerability maps to ATT&CK technique T1059.001 which covers command and scripting interpreter and T1021.001 which involves remote services such as remote desktop protocol.
The mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLink, as the vendor has likely released patches addressing this specific command injection flaw. Network administrators should also implement network segmentation to limit the potential impact of exploitation and consider deploying intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious HTTP requests containing command injection patterns. Additional protective measures include disabling unnecessary web management interfaces, implementing strong access controls, and regularly monitoring router logs for anomalous activity. Organizations should also consider network access control measures such as implementing network segmentation to isolate critical systems from potentially compromised router devices. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of secure input validation and proper sanitization of user-supplied data in web applications, particularly those running on embedded devices with limited security resources.