CVE-2022-25082 in A950RG
Summary
by MITRE • 02/24/2022
TOTOLink A950RG V5.9c.4050_B20190424 and V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the "Main" function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the QUERY_STRING parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/26/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-25082 affects TOTOLink A950RG routers running firmware versions V5.9c.4050_B20190424 and V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112, representing a critical command injection flaw within the device's web interface. This issue resides in the "Main" function of the router's firmware, where insufficient input validation permits malicious actors to inject arbitrary commands through the QUERY_STRING parameter. The vulnerability stems from improper sanitization of user-supplied data within the web application layer, allowing attackers to manipulate the router's command execution flow directly. The affected device operates with elevated privileges, as the web interface typically runs with administrative permissions, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous for unauthorized command execution.
The technical exploitation of this command injection vulnerability follows established patterns that align with CWE-77 and CWE-94, where user-controllable input is directly incorporated into system commands without proper sanitization or encoding. Attackers can craft malicious HTTP requests containing specially formatted QUERY_STRING parameters that, when processed by the vulnerable Main function, result in arbitrary command execution on the router's underlying operating system. This allows for complete compromise of the device, enabling attackers to execute system commands such as shell access, file manipulation, network configuration changes, or even persistent backdoor installation. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple command execution as it provides attackers with a foothold for further network infiltration and lateral movement within the compromised network environment.
Operationally, this vulnerability poses significant risks to network security and device integrity, as it enables attackers to gain unauthorized administrative access to the router's core functionality. The compromised device can serve as a pivot point for attackers to launch further attacks against internal network resources, potentially leading to complete network compromise. The vulnerability's persistence is particularly concerning as it affects multiple firmware versions, suggesting a systemic issue in the device's codebase rather than a one-time coding error. Additionally, the fact that this vulnerability exists in the web interface means it can be exploited remotely without requiring physical access to the device, making it an attractive target for widespread exploitation campaigns.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate firmware updates from TOTOLink to address the command injection flaw, as recommended by the vendor's security advisories and industry best practices for firmware security management. Network administrators should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit potential attack surfaces, while monitoring for anomalous network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. The implementation of web application firewalls and input validation measures can help detect and prevent malicious QUERY_STRING parameter injection attempts. Security teams should also consider conducting vulnerability assessments to identify other potential command injection vulnerabilities within the network infrastructure and ensure proper network hygiene practices are maintained to prevent unauthorized access to critical network devices. This vulnerability exemplifies the importance of secure coding practices and regular security testing in embedded systems, aligning with ATT&CK techniques related to command and control operations and privilege escalation within network infrastructure environments.