CVE-2022-25084 in TOTOLink
Summary
by MITRE • 02/24/2022
TOTOLink T6 V5.9c.4085_B20190428 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the "Main" function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the QUERY_STRING parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/26/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-25084 affects TOTOLink T6 routers running firmware version V5.9c.4085_B20190428 and represents a critical command injection flaw within the device's web interface. This vulnerability resides in the "Main" function of the router's web server implementation, where input validation mechanisms have been bypassed or inadequately implemented. The flaw specifically manifests when processing HTTP query string parameters, allowing unauthorized attackers to inject malicious commands that are subsequently executed with the privileges of the web server process.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through manipulation of the QUERY_STRING parameter, which is typically used for passing data to web applications. When the router processes this parameter without proper sanitization or input validation, attackers can append malicious commands that get executed within the router's command execution context. This type of vulnerability falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category CWE-77, which specifically addresses command injection flaws in software applications. The weakness exists because the application directly incorporates user-supplied data into system commands without adequate filtering or escaping mechanisms.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability presents a severe threat to network security as it allows remote code execution on the affected router. Attackers can leverage this flaw to gain full control over the device, potentially leading to unauthorized network access, data exfiltration, or the use of the compromised device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the network. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it requires no authentication to exploit, making it accessible to anyone who can reach the router's web interface. This aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, specifically the execution of system commands through web interfaces.
The implications extend beyond immediate device compromise as routers serve as critical network infrastructure components. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify router configurations, redirect network traffic, establish backdoors, or use the device for botnet activities. Network administrators should consider this vulnerability as a potential entry point for broader attacks, particularly in environments where router security is not properly segmented from other network components. The vulnerability's persistence in firmware versions released in 2019 indicates a long-standing security gap that was not adequately addressed in subsequent updates.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate firmware updates from TOTOLink to address the command injection flaw, while network segmentation can help limit the potential impact of exploitation. Additionally, implementing web application firewalls and monitoring for unusual query string patterns can provide additional layers of defense. Organizations should also conduct thorough network assessments to identify other potentially vulnerable devices and ensure proper network access controls are in place to prevent unauthorized access to administrative interfaces.