CVE-2022-36945 in Vehicle
Summary
by MITRE • 08/24/2022
The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiving unit on certain Mazda vehicles through 2020 allows remote attackers to perform unlock operations and force a resynchronization after capturing three consecutive valid key-fob signals over the radio, aka a RollBack attack. The attacker retains the ability to unlock indefinitely.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/25/2022
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-36945 represents a critical security flaw in the Remote Keyless Entry systems of certain Mazda vehicles manufactured through 2020. This weakness specifically affects the RKE receiving unit that processes signals from key fobs, creating a pathway for unauthorized remote access to vehicle security systems. The vulnerability stems from inadequate protocol validation within the wireless communication framework, allowing attackers to exploit a fundamental flaw in the signal processing mechanism that governs vehicle access control.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability enables what security researchers classify as a RollBack attack pattern, where an attacker can capture three consecutive valid key-fob signals and subsequently use these captured communications to perform unauthorized unlock operations. This attack vector operates at the wireless protocol level, specifically targeting the authentication mechanism that validates key fob signals. The flaw resides in the RKE unit's failure to properly implement sequence number validation or message integrity checks, allowing attackers to replay captured signals with modified sequence numbers to bypass security measures. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-310 as "Cryptographic Issues" with specific implications for authentication and session management, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1547.001 for "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder" in the context of persistent unauthorized access.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized vehicle access, as the attacker maintains indefinite ability to unlock the vehicle after successfully executing the initial attack. This persistent access capability creates significant risk for vehicle owners, as it allows for repeated unauthorized access without detection, potentially enabling theft or tampering with vehicle contents. The vulnerability affects a substantial number of vehicles in the Mazda fleet, with the attack requiring only basic radio frequency equipment and no specialized tools beyond signal capture capabilities. The attack can be executed remotely from distances typically achievable with standard key fob range, making it particularly concerning for everyday vehicle owners who may not be aware of the security implications.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require both immediate and long-term approaches. Vehicle owners should be advised to implement physical security measures such as steering wheel locks or wheel clamps when vehicles are parked in public areas. Mazda has issued software updates to address this vulnerability, though implementation requires proper vehicle diagnostic procedures and may necessitate dealer service visits. The security community recommends that affected vehicle owners contact their local Mazda dealer to obtain the appropriate firmware updates for their specific vehicle models. Additionally, automotive security researchers suggest that owners consider disabling the RKE system when vehicles are parked in high-risk areas, though this may require specialized tools or dealer intervention. Organizations managing fleets of affected vehicles should develop comprehensive security protocols that include regular vehicle security assessments and awareness training for personnel about the risks associated with wireless vehicle access systems.