CVE-2022-48008 in LimeSurvey
Summary
by MITRE • 01/27/2023
An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the plugin manager of LimeSurvey v5.4.15 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/28/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2022-48008 represents a critical arbitrary file upload flaw within LimeSurvey version 5.4.15's plugin management system. This issue stems from insufficient validation mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize file uploads, particularly when processing PHP files through the plugin manager interface. The flaw allows remote attackers to bypass security controls and upload malicious PHP scripts that can subsequently be executed within the web server context. Such vulnerabilities fall under the category of CWE-434 which specifically addresses insecure file upload handling, where the application accepts files without adequate validation of their content or type. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it leverages the legitimate plugin management functionality to achieve unauthorized code execution.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker uploads a PHP file through the plugin manager without proper file type checking or content validation. The system fails to verify that uploaded files conform to expected formats or contain malicious payloads, enabling the execution of arbitrary PHP code on the target server. This flaw operates at the application layer and can be exploited through standard web browser interfaces, requiring no specialized tools beyond basic HTTP request manipulation. The vulnerability demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-20, which encompasses improper input validation, where the application fails to properly validate user-supplied data before processing. The attack chain typically involves uploading a malicious PHP shell or script that can then be accessed via a web browser, providing attackers with remote command execution capabilities.
The operational impact of CVE-2022-48008 extends far beyond simple data theft, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected LimeSurvey installation. Once successful, the vulnerability enables attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the server, potentially leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or the establishment of persistent backdoors. The implications are particularly severe for organizations using LimeSurvey for sensitive data collection, as the vulnerability could result in unauthorized access to confidential survey responses and user information. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190 which describes the exploitation of vulnerabilities in web applications to gain initial access. The impact severity is compounded by the fact that LimeSurvey is commonly used in healthcare, research, and government sectors where data protection is paramount, making the potential compromise of such systems particularly concerning from a compliance and regulatory standpoint.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including applying the vendor-provided patches or updates that address this vulnerability, restricting file upload capabilities in the plugin manager, and implementing strict file type validation mechanisms. Network segmentation and monitoring should be enhanced to detect suspicious file upload activities, while access controls should be strengthened to limit administrative privileges. The mitigation strategy should include disabling unnecessary plugin upload features, implementing content validation for all uploaded files, and conducting regular security assessments of the application. Security teams should also consider implementing web application firewalls to detect and block malicious file upload attempts, and establish monitoring protocols to identify unauthorized access patterns. The remediation process must also include comprehensive testing of the patched environment to ensure that legitimate functionality remains intact while the vulnerability is fully addressed.