CVE-2023-25650 in ZXCLOUD iRAI
Summary
by MITRE • 12/14/2023
There is an arbitrary file download vulnerability in ZXCLOUD iRAI. Since the backend does not escape special strings or restrict paths, an attacker with user permission could access the download interface by modifying the request parameter, causing arbitrary file downloads.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/14/2023
The CVE-2023-25650 vulnerability represents a critical arbitrary file download flaw in ZXCLOUD iRAI systems that stems from inadequate input validation and path restriction mechanisms within the backend architecture. This vulnerability exists due to the absence of proper sanitization of user-supplied parameters in the download interface, allowing attackers to manipulate request parameters and gain unauthorized access to sensitive files stored on the server. The flaw manifests when the system fails to properly escape special strings or restrict file paths, creating an exploitable condition that can be leveraged by malicious actors.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-22, which describes improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory, commonly known as path traversal attacks. Attackers can exploit this weakness by crafting malicious requests that modify download parameters to traverse the file system and access files outside the intended download directory. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and can be classified under the ATT&CK technique T1213.002 for Data from Information Repositories, as it enables unauthorized access to stored data and system resources. The system's failure to validate or sanitize user input creates a direct pathway for attackers to bypass normal access controls and retrieve sensitive information including configuration files, log files, and potentially system binaries.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to organizations using ZXCLOUD iRAI systems, particularly in environments where sensitive data is stored and managed. An attacker with basic user permissions can exploit this flaw to download arbitrary files from the server, potentially gaining access to system configuration details, user credentials, or other confidential information. The impact extends beyond simple data theft as the ability to download system files could enable further exploitation, including privilege escalation or the discovery of additional vulnerabilities within the system. The vulnerability affects the integrity and confidentiality of the system, potentially leading to complete system compromise if attackers can access critical system files or binaries that could be used to establish persistent access or escalate privileges.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing robust input validation and parameter sanitization mechanisms within the download interface. Organizations should enforce strict path validation to ensure that user-supplied parameters cannot traverse beyond the intended directories, implementing proper access controls and file path restrictions. The system should employ absolute path validation and sanitize all user inputs to prevent directory traversal attacks. Additionally, implementing proper authentication and authorization checks can help limit the scope of potential exploitation, ensuring that even if an attacker can manipulate parameters, they cannot access files beyond their authorized scope. Regular security testing and code reviews should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other system components, while network monitoring can help detect suspicious download activities that may indicate exploitation attempts. The implementation of web application firewalls and input validation rules can provide additional layers of protection against such attacks, aligning with ATT&CK's defensive techniques for preventing command and control communications and limiting information access.