CVE-2024-25196 in ROS2
Summary
by MITRE • 02/20/2024
Open Robotics Robotic Operating Sytstem 2 (ROS2) and Nav2 humble versions were discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the nav2_controller process. This vulnerability is triggerd via sending a crafted .yaml file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/15/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-25196 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the Open Robotics Robot Operating System 2 framework specifically affecting the nav2_controller component in the humble distribution. This issue arises from inadequate input validation when processing configuration files, creating a pathway for malicious actors to exploit the system through crafted yaml file inputs. The vulnerability exists in the navigation stack of ROS2 which is widely deployed in autonomous robotics applications, making it a significant concern for organizations relying on robotic systems for critical operations.
The technical implementation of this buffer overflow stems from improper bounds checking within the nav2_controller process when parsing yaml configuration files. When a maliciously crafted yaml file is processed, the system fails to validate the length or structure of input data, allowing an attacker to exceed allocated buffer boundaries. This flaw manifests as a classic stack-based buffer overflow, where excessive data input overwrites adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or system instability. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-121 as a stack-based buffer overflow, which represents a well-known and dangerous class of memory safety issues that have been documented in numerous security advisories.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple system crashes or denial of service conditions. In robotics environments where autonomous navigation is critical, exploitation could result in complete system compromise, enabling attackers to gain control over robotic platforms that may be operating in sensitive environments such as industrial facilities, healthcare institutions, or military applications. The nav2_controller process is fundamental to autonomous navigation systems, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it could be exploited to manipulate robot movement, cause collisions, or disable safety mechanisms. This attack vector aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter and T1106 for execution of known commands, as the system would execute arbitrary code through the buffer overflow.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-25196 should prioritize immediate patching of affected ROS2 installations, particularly those running the humble distribution of Nav2. Organizations should implement strict input validation measures for all yaml configuration files, including size limitations and schema validation to prevent malicious inputs from reaching the vulnerable parsing functions. Network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit who can submit configuration files to robotic systems. Additionally, runtime monitoring should be deployed to detect anomalous behavior that might indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of input sanitization in safety-critical systems and aligns with security best practices outlined in NIST SP 800-160 for secure software development lifecycle processes. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be integrated into the operational procedures for robotic systems to identify similar memory safety issues before they can be exploited by adversaries.