CVE-2024-25331 in DIR-822 Rev B
Summary
by MITRE • 03/12/2024
DIR-822 Rev. B Firmware v2.02KRB09 and DIR-822-CA Rev. B Firmware v2.03WWb01 suffer from a LAN-Side Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability elevated from HNAP Stack-Based Buffer Overflow.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/06/2024
The CVE-2024-25331 vulnerability represents a critical security flaw affecting D-Link DIR-822 wireless routers with specific firmware versions including v2.02KRB09 and v2.03WWb01. This vulnerability exists within the router's HNAP (Home Network Access Protocol) implementation and manifests as a stack-based buffer overflow that can be exploited remotely without authentication. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the LAN-side of the network, meaning attackers can exploit it from within the local network without requiring external network access or prior authentication credentials.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the HNAP protocol which is commonly used for remote management of network devices. The stack-based buffer overflow results from insufficient input validation when processing HNAP requests, allowing attackers to craft malicious payloads that exceed the allocated buffer space and overwrite adjacent memory locations. This memory corruption can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected service, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability's classification as an unauthenticated RCE means that any device connected to the LAN-side network can potentially exploit this flaw, making it particularly dangerous in shared or unsecured network environments.
The operational impact of CVE-2024-25331 extends beyond simple unauthorized access as it enables attackers to gain complete control over affected routers. This control allows for network traffic interception, DNS poisoning, port forwarding manipulation, and potential lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability's elevated privilege status means that successful exploitation can result in persistent backdoors, data exfiltration, and the ability to modify router configurations. Network administrators may face significant challenges in detecting such attacks since the exploitation process can occur silently without generating obvious network anomalies, making it difficult to identify compromised devices within an organization's infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate firmware updates from D-Link to address the buffer overflow issue in the HNAP implementation. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to restrict access to HNAP ports and services, particularly on the LAN-side. Regular network monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual traffic patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow and follows attack patterns documented in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under T1059.007 Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell and T1071.004 Application Layer Protocol: DNS, as attackers may use compromised routers for command execution and data exfiltration. Organizations should also consider implementing network access control measures and regular vulnerability scanning to identify potentially affected devices and prevent exploitation attempts.