CVE-2024-28583 in FreeImage
Summary
by MITRE • 03/20/2024
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in open source FreeImage v.3.19.0 [r1909] allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the readLine() function when reading images in XPM format.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/13/2025
The buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-28583 resides within the FreeImage library version 3.19.0, specifically affecting the readLine() function during XPM format image processing. This open source image processing library is widely utilized across various applications and systems for handling multiple image formats, making the vulnerability particularly concerning from a security perspective. The flaw manifests when the library attempts to read image data in XPM format, which is a text-based image format commonly used for simple graphics and icons. The vulnerability represents a classic buffer overflow condition where insufficient input validation occurs during the parsing of image data, allowing maliciously crafted XPM files to trigger memory corruption.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking within the readLine() function which processes image data line by line. When processing XPM format images, the function fails to adequately verify the length of incoming data against the allocated buffer size, creating a scenario where data can overflow into adjacent memory regions. This condition is classified as a CWE-121 buffer overflow vulnerability, specifically categorized under stack-based buffer overflow conditions. The flaw is particularly dangerous because it operates within a library that is commonly integrated into larger applications, meaning that exploitation can occur through multiple attack vectors depending on how FreeImage is utilized. The local nature of the attack means that an attacker must already have access to the system to exploit this vulnerability, though this limitation does not diminish its severity given the potential for privilege escalation or arbitrary code execution.
The operational impact of CVE-2024-28583 extends beyond simple code execution capabilities, as it can be leveraged for privilege escalation within applications that utilize FreeImage for image processing. When exploited successfully, the vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected application, potentially leading to complete system compromise if the application runs with elevated privileges. This vulnerability is particularly concerning in server environments where FreeImage might be used for processing user-uploaded images, as it could enable attackers to gain unauthorized access to critical system resources. The attack surface is broad due to FreeImage's widespread adoption across various software platforms, including web applications, desktop software, and embedded systems. From an attack chain perspective, this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for command and script interpreter, as successful exploitation could enable attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the compromised system.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-28583 primarily focus on immediate software updates and patches provided by the FreeImage maintainers, as the vulnerability exists within the core library functionality. Organizations should prioritize updating to the latest stable version of FreeImage that addresses this specific buffer overflow condition, typically involving a fix that implements proper bounds checking in the readLine() function. Additionally, input validation measures should be implemented at the application level, including sanitization of image file inputs and implementation of strict file format validation before processing. System hardening measures such as stack canaries, address space layout randomization, and data execution prevention can provide additional layers of protection against exploitation attempts. Network segmentation and access control measures should also be considered to limit the potential impact of successful exploitation, particularly in environments where the vulnerable library is used for processing untrusted image data from external sources. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of proper memory management practices and input validation in open source libraries, as these components form critical elements of software security that can have widespread implications when flawed.