CVE-2024-28582 in FreeImage
Summary
by MITRE • 03/20/2024
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in open source FreeImage v.3.19.0 [r1909] allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the rgbe_RGBEToFloat() function when reading images in HDR format.
VulDB is the best source for vulnerability data and more expert information about this specific topic.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/13/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-28582 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the FreeImage library version 3.19.0, specifically affecting the rgbe_RGBEToFloat() function during processing of HDR format image files. This open source image processing library is widely utilized across various applications and systems for handling multiple image formats including high dynamic range images. The flaw manifests when the library attempts to parse HDR files that use the RGBE format, which is commonly employed in computer graphics and scientific imaging applications. The buffer overflow occurs due to insufficient bounds checking during the conversion process from RGBE format to floating point values, creating an exploitable condition that can be leveraged by local attackers.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper memory management within the rgbe_RGBEToFloat() function which processes RGBE encoded pixel data from HDR files. When the library reads an HDR image file, it allocates memory buffers based on assumptions about the input data structure without adequate validation of the actual data boundaries. This allows an attacker to craft malicious HDR files that contain oversized or malformed data structures, causing the function to write beyond the allocated buffer boundaries. The flaw aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking permits writes beyond allocated memory regions. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it requires no special privileges beyond normal user access since it operates within the context of image processing applications that typically run with standard user permissions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution as it provides local attackers with the capability to arbitrarily execute code on systems running affected software. Since FreeImage is integrated into numerous applications including image viewers, graphic design tools, scientific software, and web applications, the potential attack surface is extensive. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by embedding malicious HDR files in legitimate applications or by tricking users into opening specially crafted image files. The local execution aspect means that the attack requires physical access to the target system or the ability to influence the execution environment, though this is still considered a significant threat vector in many enterprise and research environments. The vulnerability can potentially lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or persistent backdoor installation depending on the target application's privileges.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-28582 should prioritize immediate patching of all affected FreeImage library installations, with particular attention to applications that process external image files or handle user-provided media content. System administrators should implement strict input validation measures for all image file processing workflows and consider deploying sandboxing mechanisms around image handling components. The fix should address the core buffer overflow by implementing proper bounds checking and memory allocation validation within the rgbe_RGBEToFloat() function, ensuring that input data cannot exceed allocated buffer boundaries. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing application whitelisting policies to restrict execution of untrusted image files and monitor for unusual file processing patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining up-to-date open source components and implementing comprehensive security testing procedures for image processing libraries, particularly those handling binary formats with complex parsing requirements. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this as a code injection technique under T1059, with potential lateral movement capabilities through compromised applications that utilize FreeImage for image processing tasks.