CVE-2024-41599 in RuoYi
Summary
by MITRE • 07/19/2024
Cross Site Scripting vulnerability in RuoYi v.4.7.9 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the file upload method
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/15/2025
The CVE-2024-41599 vulnerability represents a critical cross site scripting flaw discovered in the RuoYi framework version 4.7.9 and earlier releases. This vulnerability exists within the file upload functionality of the application, creating a pathway for remote attackers to inject malicious scripts into the web application. The RuoYi framework, a popular Java-based enterprise application development platform, suffers from insufficient input validation and output encoding mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied data during file upload operations. The vulnerability stems from the application's inadequate handling of file metadata and content, particularly when processing uploaded files that may contain embedded malicious payloads. Attackers can exploit this weakness by uploading specially crafted files that contain cross site scripting code, which then executes in the context of other users' browsers when they access the uploaded content.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability follows the CWE-79 classification as a cross site scripting attack, where the application fails to properly encode or escape output before rendering user-supplied data. The flaw specifically manifests when the application processes file upload requests without adequately validating the file type, content, or metadata associated with uploaded files. This weakness allows attackers to bypass security controls designed to prevent malicious code execution by leveraging the file upload mechanism to inject scripts that can be executed in the victim's browser context. The vulnerability's exploitation requires minimal privileges as it operates entirely through the web interface without requiring authentication or direct system access. The flaw represents a classic case of insufficient input validation combined with inadequate output sanitization, creating an environment where malicious scripts can persist and execute in the browser of unsuspecting users.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it can enable attackers to perform session hijacking, steal sensitive user information, redirect users to malicious websites, or even escalate privileges within the application. When successful, the attack can compromise user sessions, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data and application functionality. The vulnerability's severity is amplified by the fact that it affects a widely used framework, meaning that numerous applications built on RuoYi could be simultaneously vulnerable. Attackers can leverage this weakness to establish persistent access patterns, potentially using the compromised application as a foothold for further attacks within the target network. The vulnerability also creates opportunities for data exfiltration, where attackers can harvest cookies, session tokens, and other sensitive information from authenticated users. Additionally, the attack can be automated through various techniques, making it particularly dangerous for applications that process large volumes of user-uploaded content.
Organizations using affected RuoYi versions should implement immediate mitigations including comprehensive input validation for all file upload operations, proper output encoding of file metadata, and implementation of Content Security Policy headers. The recommended remediation strategy involves updating to the latest stable version of the RuoYi framework where the vulnerability has been patched, along with implementing strict file type validation and sanitization processes. Security measures should include mandatory file extension checking, content type verification, and virus scanning of all uploaded files. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls can provide additional layers of defense by monitoring for suspicious upload patterns and blocking known malicious file signatures. Organizations should also conduct thorough security assessments of their applications to identify any additional vulnerabilities that may have been introduced through custom modifications to the framework. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under T1566 for Phishing and T1071 for Application Layer Protocol, highlighting the multi-stage nature of the attack chain that begins with initial compromise through file upload and continues with potential lateral movement within the application ecosystem.