CVE-2024-45960 in Zenario
Summary
by MITRE • 10/02/2024
Zenario 9.7.61188 allows authenticated admin users to upload PDF files containing malicious code into the target system. If the PDF file is accessed through the website, it can trigger a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attack.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-45960 affects Zenario version 9.7.61188 and represents a critical security flaw that enables authenticated administrators to compromise system integrity through malicious file uploads. This vulnerability specifically targets the PDF file handling mechanism within the content management system, creating a dangerous attack vector that can be exploited by malicious actors with administrative privileges. The flaw resides in the system's file validation and processing procedures, where PDF files containing embedded malicious code can bypass security checks and remain undetected within the system's file repository.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the manipulation of PDF file parsing and rendering processes within the Zenario platform. When an authenticated administrator uploads a specially crafted PDF file that contains malicious JavaScript code or other executable payloads, the system fails to properly sanitize or validate the file content. The vulnerability manifests when the malicious PDF is subsequently accessed through the website interface, triggering a cross site scripting attack that can execute arbitrary code within the context of the victim's browser. This represents a classic server-side file upload vulnerability that has been exacerbated by insufficient input validation and content sanitization measures.
The operational impact of CVE-2024-45960 extends beyond simple privilege escalation, as it creates a persistent threat vector that can be leveraged for broader system compromise. An attacker with administrative access can use this vulnerability to inject malicious content that will affect all users who view the compromised PDF files, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or further system infiltration. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-434, which describes insecure file upload vulnerabilities where applications accept files without proper validation of their content or type. This weakness creates a pathway for attackers to establish persistent access to the system and potentially escalate privileges to gain unauthorized control over the entire platform.
The security implications of this vulnerability are particularly concerning given that it requires only authenticated administrative access to exploit, meaning that internal threats or compromised administrator accounts can immediately leverage this weakness. The attack surface is significantly expanded because PDF files are commonly used for legitimate business purposes, making it difficult for administrators to distinguish between benign and malicious uploads. This vulnerability also relates to ATT&CK technique T1078 which covers valid accounts as a means of gaining access, and T1566 which involves social engineering through malicious files. Organizations using Zenario 9.7.61188 should immediately implement comprehensive mitigation strategies to prevent exploitation, including enhanced file validation, content security policies, and regular security audits to identify potentially compromised files.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-45960 should focus on implementing robust file validation mechanisms that thoroughly inspect all uploaded files, particularly those with executable or scriptable content types. Security measures must include comprehensive input sanitization, MIME type validation, and content analysis to detect potentially malicious code within PDF files. Organizations should also implement proper access controls and monitoring systems to detect unauthorized file uploads, combined with regular security updates and patches to address the underlying vulnerability. The implementation of web application firewalls and content security policies can provide additional layers of protection against exploitation attempts, while regular security training for administrators can help prevent accidental or intentional misuse of this vulnerability.