CVE-2024-49366 in Nginx-UI
Summary
by MITRE • 10/21/2024
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Nginx UI v2.0.0-beta.35 and earlier gets the value from the json field without verification, and can construct a value value in the form of `../../`. Arbitrary files can be written to the server, which may result in loss of permissions. Version 2.0.0-beta.26 fixes the issue.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/08/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-49366 affects Nginx UI version 2.0.0-beta.35 and earlier, representing a critical path traversal and arbitrary file writing flaw within the web interface for the Nginx web server. This issue stems from insufficient input validation when processing JSON field values, creating a scenario where malicious actors can manipulate file paths to write content to arbitrary locations on the server filesystem. The vulnerability specifically allows attackers to construct file paths containing sequences such as `../../` which can navigate outside of intended directories and overwrite critical system files or inject malicious content into the server environment. The flaw demonstrates characteristics consistent with CWE-22 Path Traversal and CWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component, where user-supplied data is directly incorporated into file system operations without proper sanitization or validation. The attack vector leverages the web interface's lack of proper access controls and path validation mechanisms, potentially enabling unauthorized file system modifications that could compromise server integrity and permissions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple file overwrites to encompass potential privilege escalation and system compromise. When an attacker successfully exploits this flaw, they can write arbitrary files to the server, potentially including malicious scripts, configuration files, or binaries that could alter the web server's behavior or provide persistent access. The vulnerability affects the core functionality of Nginx UI by undermining the security boundaries that should protect the underlying server filesystem from unauthorized modifications. This represents a significant risk to organizations relying on the interface for Nginx management, as it could enable attackers to modify server configurations, inject malicious code into web applications, or escalate privileges within the system. The issue demonstrates the importance of proper input validation and the principle of least privilege in web application security, where user-provided data should never be directly trusted in file system operations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-49366 require immediate action to upgrade to Nginx UI version 2.0.0-beta.26 or later, which contains the necessary fixes for the path traversal vulnerability. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and sanitization measures, ensuring that all JSON field values are properly verified before being used in file system operations. The fix addresses the root cause by implementing proper path validation that prevents the use of directory traversal sequences and ensures that file operations occur only within designated safe directories. Security best practices should include implementing proper access controls, monitoring file system modifications, and conducting regular security assessments of web interfaces. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter and T1499 Endpoint Termination, as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary code through file injection and potentially terminate or compromise system services. Organizations should also consider implementing network segmentation, firewall rules, and intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious file operations and prevent exploitation attempts. The vulnerability serves as a reminder of the critical importance of timely patch management and the need for robust security controls in web application interfaces that interact with system-level operations.