CVE-2025-0676 in EDF-G1002-BP
Summary
by MITRE • 04/02/2025
This vulnerability involves command injection in tcpdump within Moxa products, enabling an authenticated attacker with console access to exploit improper input validation to inject and execute systems commands. Successful exploitation could result in privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain root shell access and maintain persistent control over the device, potentially disrupting network services and affecting the availability of downstream systems that rely on its connectivity.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/02/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-0676 represents a critical command injection flaw within the tcpdump utility deployed in Moxa network devices. This security weakness stems from inadequate input validation mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied data before processing. The vulnerability specifically affects Moxa products that utilize tcpdump for network packet analysis and monitoring functions, creating a pathway for authenticated attackers who possess console access to manipulate system commands through malicious input sequences. The flaw operates at the application level and directly impacts the device's core networking capabilities by allowing arbitrary command execution within the system context.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability follows established patterns of command injection attacks as categorized under CWE-77 and CWE-88 within the Common Weakness Enumeration framework. An attacker with console access can leverage this flaw by crafting specially formatted input parameters that bypass normal validation checks, ultimately leading to the execution of unintended system commands. The improper input validation creates a direct bridge between user-controllable input and system command execution, enabling attackers to escalate privileges and obtain root shell access. This privilege escalation capability represents a significant security compromise as it allows full system control and persistent access to the affected device.
Operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access to encompass complete system compromise and potential network disruption. Once an attacker achieves root shell access, they can modify system configurations, install persistent backdoors, and manipulate network traffic monitoring functions that are critical for network security operations. The compromised device may become a pivot point for attacking other systems within the network infrastructure, potentially affecting downstream systems that depend on its connectivity and monitoring capabilities. This vulnerability undermines the fundamental security assumptions of network monitoring equipment and could lead to service disruption, data exfiltration, and unauthorized network access.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-0676 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from Moxa to address the underlying command injection vulnerability. Network administrators should implement strict input validation controls and sanitize all user-supplied data before processing. The principle of least privilege should be enforced by limiting console access to authorized personnel only and implementing multi-factor authentication mechanisms. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect anomalous command execution patterns and unusual network traffic behavior that may indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, network segmentation and access control policies should be strengthened to limit the potential impact of a successful compromise, following the ATT&CK framework's recommendations for preventing privilege escalation and maintaining persistent access. Organizations should also conduct thorough vulnerability assessments of their network infrastructure to identify similar weaknesses in other network monitoring and security tools.