CVE-2025-10442 in AC9
Summary
by MITRE • 09/15/2025
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC9 and AC15 15.03.05.14. This affects the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/exeCommand. This manipulation of the argument cmdinput causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/20/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-10442 affects Tenda AC9 and AC15 routers running firmware version 15.03.05.14, representing a critical command injection flaw that undermines the device's security posture. This vulnerability resides within the web interface's formexeCommand function located in the /goform/exeCommand file path, which serves as an entry point for executing system commands through web-based interactions. The flaw manifests when the cmdinput parameter is manipulated, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary operating system commands directly into the router's execution environment. This represents a classic command injection vulnerability that violates fundamental security principles of input validation and sanitization.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability follows a well-established pattern where user-controllable input flows directly into system command execution without proper sanitization or escaping mechanisms. The cmdinput argument serves as the primary attack vector, where malicious input can be crafted to execute unintended system operations. When an attacker submits specially crafted commands through this interface, the router's underlying operating system processes these inputs as legitimate commands, potentially allowing full system compromise. This flaw operates at the application layer and demonstrates poor input handling practices that align with CWE-77 principles, specifically command injection vulnerabilities that permit arbitrary command execution.
Remote exploitation of this vulnerability presents significant operational risks as attackers can leverage the web interface to execute commands without requiring local access or authentication. The publicly disclosed nature of this exploit increases the threat surface considerably, as malicious actors can readily develop and deploy automated tools to target affected devices. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to gain full administrative control over the affected routers, potentially allowing them to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, establish persistent backdoors, or use the compromised devices as launching points for broader network attacks. This vulnerability directly impacts the router's ability to maintain network security boundaries and can facilitate advanced persistent threats within corporate or residential networks.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate firmware updates from Tenda to address the command injection flaw, as well as network segmentation to limit exposure of affected devices. Organizations should implement network monitoring to detect suspicious command execution patterns and consider disabling unnecessary web management interfaces. The vulnerability's classification under ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter demonstrates the attack's alignment with established threat models for system command execution. Additionally, implementing proper input validation, output encoding, and principle of least privilege access controls would significantly reduce the attack surface and prevent similar vulnerabilities from manifesting in future deployments.