CVE-2025-2040 in ruoyi-vue-pro
Summary
by MITRE • 03/06/2025
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro 2.4.1. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2026
This critical vulnerability resides within the zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro 2.4.1 application, specifically targeting the /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy endpoint. The flaw represents a template injection vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is improperly processed through the application's template engine without adequate sanitization or neutralization measures. This vulnerability falls under the CWE-74 category of Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in a Template Engine, which is a well-documented weakness that allows attackers to manipulate template rendering processes. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that malicious actors can leverage this flaw from external networks without requiring physical access to the system or prior authentication.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker sends specially crafted input to the /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy endpoint, which then gets processed through a template engine that lacks proper input validation mechanisms. This creates an opportunity for attackers to inject malicious template syntax that can be executed within the context of the template engine, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, data leakage, or system compromise. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it operates at the template engine level, which often has elevated privileges and access to system resources. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059.008 for Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python and T1203 for Exploitation for Client Execution, as the template injection can lead to code execution on the target system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted, as it can enable attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive business process management functionalities within the application. The compromise of the bpm model deployment functionality could allow attackers to manipulate workflow definitions, potentially leading to unauthorized process execution or data manipulation. Organizations utilizing this vulnerable version may face significant risks including unauthorized access to business-critical processes, potential data breaches, and system availability disruption. The fact that a public exploit exists increases the likelihood of widespread exploitation and makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous in production environments where the application handles sensitive business data.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate patching of the affected application to the latest stable release that addresses the template injection flaw. Organizations should implement input validation and sanitization measures at the application level, particularly for all user-supplied data that is processed through template engines. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls should be configured to monitor and block suspicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint. Additionally, the principle of least privilege should be enforced by restricting access to the /admin-api/bpm/model/deploy endpoint to only authorized administrative users. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other application components, while also implementing proper logging and monitoring to detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper template engine security practices and demonstrates how seemingly minor input handling flaws can result in critical system compromise.