CVE-2025-23283 in GPU Display Driver
Summary
by MITRE • 08/03/2025
NVIDIA vGPU software for Linux-style hypervisors contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager, where a malicious guest could cause stack buffer overflow. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, or data tampering.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/05/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-23283 affects NVIDIA vGPU software designed for Linux-style hypervisors, specifically within the Virtual GPU Manager component. This flaw represents a critical security weakness that could be exploited by malicious actors within virtualized environments. The vulnerability manifests as a stack buffer overflow, a well-documented class of software defects that occurs when more data is written to a fixed-length buffer than it can accommodate, potentially overwriting adjacent memory locations. Such vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous in virtualization contexts where guest operating systems interact with hypervisor components, as they can create attack vectors that transcend traditional security boundaries.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within the Virtual GPU Manager's processing routines. When a guest virtual machine attempts to communicate with the vGPU manager through specific API calls or memory operations, the system fails to properly bounds-check data structures before copying them into stack-based buffers. This deficiency allows an attacker to craft malicious input that deliberately overflows the allocated buffer space, potentially corrupting the stack frame and executing arbitrary code. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple memory corruption, as it can be leveraged to achieve privilege escalation from guest-level access to hypervisor-level privileges, effectively compromising the entire virtualization infrastructure.
The operational consequences of this vulnerability are severe and multifaceted across virtualized environments. A successful exploitation could enable attackers to execute arbitrary code within the hypervisor context, potentially leading to complete system compromise and unauthorized access to all virtual machines hosted on the affected system. Additionally, the vulnerability could facilitate denial of service conditions that render virtualization services unavailable, while also providing opportunities for information disclosure that could expose sensitive data from other virtual machines or host systems. The potential for data tampering further compounds the risk, as attackers could modify critical system parameters or virtual machine configurations. This vulnerability directly aligns with CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow and represents a significant concern for organizations relying on NVIDIA vGPU solutions for GPU virtualization in enterprise environments.
Organizations utilizing affected NVIDIA vGPU software should prioritize immediate remediation through official security patches provided by NVIDIA. The mitigation strategy should include comprehensive vulnerability assessments of all virtualization environments to identify systems running vulnerable versions of the software. Network segmentation and monitoring should be enhanced to detect potential exploitation attempts, particularly focusing on unusual API calls or memory operations targeting the vGPU manager. Access controls should be strengthened to limit guest virtual machine privileges and reduce the attack surface available to potential adversaries. System administrators should implement regular security updates and maintain detailed inventory records of all virtualization components to ensure timely patch deployment. The vulnerability's classification as a critical threat necessitates immediate attention and comprehensive security posture evaluation across all affected infrastructure. This issue demonstrates the importance of secure coding practices in hypervisor components and highlights the need for continuous security testing of virtualization software to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in critical system components.